知識(shí)詳解
1 involve vt. 包括；涉及；使參與
(回歸課本P22)Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person，but they always involve the hands.
亞洲人打招呼是不包括接觸他人身體的，但經(jīng)常會(huì)用到手。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我們每個(gè)人作出的決定都包含碰運(yùn)氣的成分。
②(牛津P1078)I was so involved in my book that I didn’t hear you knock.
我全神貫注在看書(shū)，沒(méi)聽(tīng)到你敲門(mén)。
③Don’t involve me in your quarrel.
不要把我卷入你們的爭(zhēng)吵。
④Most people don’t realize the amount of effort that is involved in writing a novel.
大多數(shù)人都不明白寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)要花多少心血。
即境活用
1．All the children were ________in the school English competition held on Sunday.
A．a(chǎn)ttended B．joined
C．involved D．connected
解析：選C。句意為“所有的孩子都參加了學(xué)校星期天的英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽”。注意題中使用了被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，A、B首先被排除；D項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)的搭配是be connected to或be connected with，不與介詞in搭配；be involved in...“參加了……”。
2.________in reading the book all evening，he took no notice of everything.
A．Involving B．Involved
C．Involve D．To involve
解析：選B。be involved in doing sth.表示“專(zhuān)心于干某事”，故B項(xiàng)正確。
2 deal n． 協(xié)議，交易
v． 經(jīng)營(yíng)；買(mǎi)賣(mài)；處理
(回歸課本P22)We shake hands when we make a deal.
達(dá)成了協(xié)議，我們就握握手。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①(高考大綱全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.
他們既學(xué)習(xí)如何經(jīng)營(yíng)咖啡店，也學(xué)習(xí)如何處理自己的事務(wù)。
②He knew a good deal more than I did.
他懂得比我多很多。
③The company has made a new deal with a buyer in America.
這家公司與美國(guó)的一位買(mǎi)主做了一筆新生意。
易混辨析
do with ，deal with
在表示“處理，對(duì)待”時(shí)，do with和deal with在陳述句中可以互相替換。但是在特殊疑問(wèn)句中，表示“怎么處理，怎么對(duì)待”時(shí)，用法不同。
即do with中，do是及物動(dòng)詞，其后需接賓語(yǔ)，而deal with中deal是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)。
①Last summer I took a course on what to do with poisonous gases.
＝Last summer I took a course on how to deal with poisonous gases.
②What do you do with the difficulties you face?
＝How do you deal with the difficulties you face?
即境活用
3．?Take it；it is really a bargain.You won’t get a cheaper one in this world.
?OK，it’s a ________.
A．price B．prize C．deal D．truth
解析：選C�？疾槊~詞義。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知“買(mǎi)賣(mài)成交”，因此用deal。而price“價(jià)格”；prize“獎(jiǎng)品”；truth“事實(shí)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符，故答案為C。
4.The classroom is very noisy，but the green headteacher doesn’t know________.
A．how to do with it B．what to deal with it C．how to deal with it D．what to do with
解析：選C。“怎樣處理某事”有兩種表達(dá)方式：how...deal with sth.和what...do with sth.，故選擇C。
3 favour(favor) n． 幫助，恩惠，贊成，關(guān)心，偏袒
v． 支持；喜愛(ài)；偏袒，有助于
(回歸課本P28)Can I ask you a favour?
我能請(qǐng)你幫個(gè)忙嗎？
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?
今天你能幫我個(gè)忙去學(xué)校接山姆嗎？
②She always favours her youngest child.
她總是偏愛(ài)她最小的孩子。
③(朗文P694)She’s very much in favour with the management at the moment.
她目前很受管理層的喜愛(ài)。
④Yet polls still show a narrow majority of Europeans in favour of taking in more countries.
可是民意調(diào)查顯示依然有過(guò)半數(shù)的歐洲人同意接納更多的國(guó)家。
即境活用
5．A fashion ________this year may be ________next year.
A．out of favour；into favour
B．in favour；out of favour
C．in favour of；of favour
D．to favour；out of favour
解析：選B。in favour“受歡迎的，流行的”；out of favour“失寵的，不受歡迎的”。
4 request vt. 請(qǐng)求；要求
n． 請(qǐng)求；要求；邀請(qǐng)
(回歸課本P28)Mr.and Mrs.Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of...
哈里?布倫基特夫婦誠(chéng)邀您光臨……的婚禮。
歸納總結(jié)
①You are requested not to speak aloud in the reading room.
你不要在閱覽室大聲喧嘩。
②The staff immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.
員工立即要求他重新考慮他的決定。
③(朗文P1737)They have made an urgent request for international aid.
他們緊急要求國(guó)際援助。
④Further details will be sent on request.
詳細(xì)資料承索即寄。
⑤He was there at the request of his manager.
他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。
6．(高考湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people________you to take by social customs，law or religion.
A．persuade B．request C．instruct D．expect
解析：選D。句意：所謂職責(zé)，是人們希望通過(guò)社會(huì)習(xí)俗、法律或宗教而讓我們采取的一種行為或行動(dòng)方式。本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。expect sb.to do sth.“期待/盼望某人做某事”，符合題意和搭配。request sb.to do sth.表示“(以口頭或書(shū)面形式)要求，(尤指)請(qǐng)求某人做某事”，如：I requested him to help.我請(qǐng)求他幫忙。persuade sb.to do sth.說(shuō)服或勸說(shuō)某人做某事；instruct sb.to do sth.“吩咐/命令/指導(dǎo)某人做某事”，都不符合句意。
7.The newlyfounded chess club formaly ________us to attend the opening ceremony.
A．requested B．required C．demanded D．commanded
解析：選A。request 常用于正式場(chǎng)合的請(qǐng)求。句意為：這家新成立的象棋俱樂(lè)部正式邀請(qǐng)我們參加開(kāi)幕式。
5 give away 暴露(自己的情況)；泄露；贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)
(回歸課本P22)People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
人們通過(guò)姿勢(shì)表達(dá)的意思要比通過(guò)話語(yǔ)表達(dá)得更多。
歸納總結(jié)
①(朗文P874)He said he hadn’t told her, but his face gave him away.
他說(shuō)他沒(méi)有告訴她，但是他的表情說(shuō)明他在說(shuō)謊。
②He gave away most of his money to charity.
他把大部分錢(qián)都捐贈(zèng)給慈善事業(yè)了。
③The headmaster gave away the prizes at the sports meeting.
校長(zhǎng)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。
④They argued back and forth until finally Jack gave in.
他們反復(fù)爭(zhēng)論，直到最后杰克讓步為止。
⑤I was so frightened that my legs gave out，and I reached for the door.
我嚇得兩腿發(fā)軟，便伸手去扶門(mén)。
8.If a person has not had enough sleep，his actions will give him________during the day.
A．a(chǎn)way B．up C．in D．back
解析：選A。句意是：如果一個(gè)人沒(méi)有足夠的睡眠，在白天，他的行為就會(huì)表露出來(lái)。此句要用give away表示“泄漏；出賣(mài)”；give up放棄；give in屈服；讓步；give back收回。
9．(江蘇啟東中學(xué))?As an old customer，would you ________some books for free to us?
?No problem.We’d love to.
A．pay off B．call off C．give away D．put away
解析：選C。give away 解釋為“送掉，分發(fā)；泄露，出賣(mài)……”；A解釋為“還清債；結(jié)清賬；努力等有報(bào)償”；B解釋為“叫(狗或人)走開(kāi)(以停止攻擊)；取消”；D解釋為“把……收起來(lái)，放好，儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆谩�。這里的意思是“免費(fèi)送一些書(shū)給我們”，所以選C。
6 hold up 舉起，抬起；阻礙；使停頓；支撐
(回歸課本P22)One person then holds up his hand，palm outwards and five fingers spread.
然后一個(gè)人舉起他的手，手掌向外，五指張開(kāi)。
①Our flight was held up by fog.
我們的班機(jī)因有霧而停航。
②The roof is held up by pillars.
屋頂是由柱子支撐著的。
③Please hold up your hands if you have any questions.
如果有問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)舉手。
10．It’s a pity that the building of the new road has been ________by bad weather.
A．held out B．held on C．held to D．held up
解析：D。句意為“很遺憾，新路的建造因惡劣的天氣而受到阻滯”。hold up“延遲，阻礙”；hold out“給予，支持”；hold on“堅(jiān)持；抓住”。
11.I missed seeing my brother off at the airport because my car was ________in a traffic jam.
A．broken up B．lifted up C．held up D．kept up
解析：選C。hold up“停滯”；break up“分解”；lift up“提升”；keep up“保持”。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Although these are very important，we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.(P22)
雖然這些很重要，但我們并不只是用口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流。
【句法分析】 (1)more than＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過(guò)，多于”，相當(dāng)于over。
more than＋形容詞，表示“很”或“非常”的意思。
(2)在“more...than...”中，第一個(gè)意思是表比較，可譯為“比……更”；第二個(gè)意思是肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，可譯為“是……而不是……，與其……不如……”。
(3)no more than＋名詞或基數(shù)詞，意思是“不過(guò)；僅僅；只有”，相當(dāng)于only。有感情色彩，側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量少。而“not more than＋基數(shù)詞”，表示“至多，不超過(guò)”，相當(dāng)于at most，只是指出數(shù)量或程度，沒(méi)有感情色彩。
①I(mǎi)’m more than happy to take you there in my car.
我非常高興用車(chē)把你送去。
②There were more than 100 people at the party.
有100多個(gè)人參加聚會(huì)。
③The consequence was much more than he imagined.
結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)他的想像。
④The new edition is not more expensive than the old one.
新版本不比舊版本貴。
⑤China Daily is more than a newspaper.It helps to improve our English.
《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》不僅僅是一種報(bào)紙，它還有助于提高我們的英語(yǔ)水平。
⑥His whole education added up to no more than one year.
他所接受的全部學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不超過(guò)一年。
12．(高考浙江卷)It took________building supplies to construct these energysaving houses.It took brains，too.
A．other than B．more than
C．rather than D．less than
解析：選B。句意：建造這些節(jié)能住宅不僅僅需要供給建筑材料，還需要才智。more than意為“不僅僅”。other than常用于否定句，相當(dāng)于but；rather than而不是；less than少于。
13.?Do you need any help，Lucy?
?Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A．less than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
解析：選B。句意：??你需要幫忙嗎，露西？??需要，這項(xiàng)工作我自己做不來(lái)。A項(xiàng)意為“少于”；B項(xiàng)意為“多于”；C項(xiàng)意為“僅僅(only)”；D項(xiàng)意為“不多于”。
2【教材原句】 Indeed，body positions are part of what we call“body language”．(P22)
實(shí)際上，身體的身勢(shì)就是我們所說(shuō)的“身勢(shì)語(yǔ)”的一部分。
【句法分析】 what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，常含有事情、狀況、言語(yǔ)、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的意思。如：
①What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
使學(xué)校驕傲的是90%的學(xué)生被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。(what表示事情)
②The city is not what it used to be.
這個(gè)城市不再是先前的模樣了。(what表示狀況)
③We were all confused by what he said just now.
我們都對(duì)他剛才所說(shuō)的話困惑不解了。(what表示言語(yǔ))
④After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
好像過(guò)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)之后，他面帶苦笑地走了出來(lái)。(what表示時(shí)間)
⑤They finally reached what is called America now.
他們終于到了現(xiàn)在被叫做美洲的地方。(what表示地點(diǎn))
14．(高考北京卷)________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A．Whether B．What
C．That D．How
解析：選B。句意：一些人認(rèn)為是劣勢(shì)的東西而另外許多人則會(huì)把它當(dāng)作優(yōu)勢(shì)。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞regard后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)并引導(dǎo)從句。
15.(高考北京卷)I want to be liked and loved for________I am inside.
A．who B．where
C．what D．how
解析：選C。句意：我希望因?yàn)槲易约旱膬?nèi)在品質(zhì)而被別人喜歡和愛(ài)戴。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)題干，空格前為介詞，構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)詞what放于從句中am后面作表語(yǔ)，意為“我是一個(gè)什么樣的人”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。
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