2012屆高考英語一輪單元總復習講義精品薈萃外研版必修四odule 4
知識詳解
1 support vt.& n． 支撐；扶持；擁護；維持；贍養(yǎng)；忍受
(回歸本P32)The research was supported by the government.這項研究得到了政府的贊助。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①He has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)一大家人。
②We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.我們?nèi)χС志酱驌舴缸锘顒拥墓ぷ鳌?br />③They signed a petition in support of the pay claim.
他們在請愿書上簽名支持這次的加薪要求。
④The middle part of the bridge is supported by two huge towers.橋的中部由兩個巨型橋塔支撐著。
即境活用
1．y sister was against the idea while my brother was ________it.
A．in terms of B．in support of C．in need of D．in case of
解析：選B。句意為：我的姐姐反對這個主意而我的弟弟卻支持它。in support of表示“支持，贊同”；in terms of...意為“從……角度而言”；in need of...意為“需求，需要……”；in case of意為“假如，萬一”。故B項正確。
2.The old man has a problem with his legs and therefore he has to________himself with a cane.
A．help B．support C．raise D．lift
解析：選B。support himself with a cane用一根拐杖撐著他自己。help sb.with sth.幫助某人某事；raise 舉起；lift抬起。
2 quantity n． 量；數(shù)量；大量
(回歸本P33)A yield refers to quantity (eg of food)．
產(chǎn)量指的是數(shù)量(例如食物的)。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①(牛津P1620)It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
大宗購物比較便宜。
②Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
本學期你的作業(yè)在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都有提高。
③Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙沖下坡。
④It is worthwhile to spend a quantity of money in bringing up children.
在教育孩子方面花許多錢是值得的。
即境活用
3．(高考福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted D．have been polluted
解析：選D。首先，large quantities作主語，謂語要用復數(shù)，故B和C項錯；另外，pollute與water是被動關(guān)系，故用其被動語態(tài)。
4.________food are stored in the tunnel in winter.
A．Large quantities of B．A great many
C．A large number of D．Quite a few
解析：選A。large quantities of后面既可跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)又可跟不可數(shù)名詞。
3 escape vi. 逃脫，避開，溜走
vt. 逃避，避免；被忘掉；情不自禁地發(fā)出；被……忘記；未被……注意
n． 逃，逃亡，逃跑
(回歸本P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中國人發(fā)現(xiàn)從管中逸出的氣體能夠把它推到空中。
歸納總結(jié)
【注意】 escape后常接v.ing形式作賓語。
例句探
①There is no way to escape doing the task.
沒有方法逃避這項工作。
②(牛津P676)She managed to escape from the burning car.
她設(shè)法從燃燒的汽車里逃了出。
③(朗P632)There’s no escaping the fact that she did actually lie to you.
不可否認的是，她的確對你撒了謊。
④Oh，yes，you’re right.It has completely escaped my memory.
噢，是的，你說得對。我把它忘得一干二凈了。
即境活用
5．The flying bird is lucky enough to escape________by the hidden net the farmer spread over the fields.
A．catching B．from catching C．caught D．being caught
解析：選D。句意：這只飛鳥很幸運，沒有被農(nóng)夫撒在田間的隱形網(wǎng)捕捉住。此處escape表示“逃脫，逃避”，后接動詞時需用v.ing形式，又因為the flying bird與catch之間是被動關(guān)系，故用being caught。
6.When the disaster struck many people had no time to escape________.
A．killing B．to be killed C．to kill D．being killed
解析：選D。escape后應(yīng)跟動名詞形式，這里考查的是動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
4 clear vt. 使清澈；使清楚；掃清
vi. 變清澈；(天)變晴；(煙霧)消散
adj. 清澈的；晴；清晰的；暢通的
(回歸本P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
當煙霧散去后，萬戶和他的椅子都不見了。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①After supper，my younger brother often helps mother clear away the dishes.
晚飯后，小弟經(jīng)常幫母親收拾碟子。
②They cleared up the misunderstanding and make up.
他們消除誤會和好了。
③The sky cleared after the storm.
雨過天晴。
④He made it clear that he would resign.
他明確表示他要辭職。
即境活用
7.It has been snowing for several days.I hope it________.
A.to be cleared up B．to clean up
C．will clear up D．will clean up
解析：選C。hope后面不能跟不定式作賓補，排除A、B；clear up此處表示“(天)放晴”，符合題意。clean up“清理掉”。
8．(江蘇啟東中學)Since you want to make up with her，you should be the first to________the misunderstanding.
A．clear up B．break up C．take up D．follow up
解析：選A。A“整理，收拾；消除，解除(誤解等)；(天氣)放晴”；B“打碎，拆散；分裂，分解；(集會)結(jié)束”；C“占(時間、空間)；從事；拿起；繼續(xù)講述”；D“跟進，補充，采取后續(xù)行動 (加強效果)……”，這里指的是“消除誤解”，所以選A。
5 bring in 請，帶進；引進；賺錢；收割莊稼；逮捕
(回歸本P33)Researchers were brought in from all over China.
從中國各地請研究人員。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①Could I just bring in some members of the audience to get their views?
我可以邀請一些觀眾聽取他們的意見嗎？
②They have brought in some advanced equipment.
他們引進了一些先進設(shè)備。
③Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.
南方的農(nóng)民也獲得好收成。
④(朗P238)I’ll bring your books back on wednesday.
我星期三把書給你帶回。
⑤(朗P238)The smells from the kitchen brought forth happy memories of childhood.
廚房的香味讓我想起快樂的童年。
即境活用
9．The policeman________two thieves caught stealing in the supermarket.
A．brought up B．brought into
C．brought in D．brought out
解析：選C。句意為“警察帶進兩個在超市現(xiàn)場偷東西的小偷�！�
10.To develop our country more effectively，we must________new science and technology from abroad.
A．bring up B．bring in
C．bring out D．bring about
解析：選B。bring up“養(yǎng)育”；bring in“引進”；bring out“出版，發(fā)揮”；bring about“引起，導致”。
6 come to power 掌權(quán)；執(zhí)政
(回歸本P37)Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the U．S..
阿爾伯特•愛因斯坦在希特勒掌權(quán)時離開了德國去美國工作。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探
①Do you knohen the first Chinese empress came to power?
你知道中國第一位女皇帝是什么時候上臺執(zhí)政的嗎？
②She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
她對隊里的人有很大的影響力。
③I’m afraid it is beyond my power to do what you’re asking.
我恐怕不能勝任你要求做的事。
即境活用
11．He________for ten years but still doesn’t want to leave office.
A．has been in power B．has come to power
C．took office D．came into power
解析：選A。因有表示一段時間的時間狀語for ten years，故選用表示狀態(tài)的be in power。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world’s first astronaut？(P39)
還是他被帶到了數(shù)英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航員？
【句法分析】 becoming the world’s first astronaut是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在此處作結(jié)果狀語�，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，只能放在主句后面。
①Her parents died, leaving her a lot of debts.
她的父母去世了，給她留下很多債務(wù)。
②It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱，造成了那個國家洪水泛濫。
易混辨析
現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語通常表示一個自然而然的、意料之中的結(jié)果。例如：①any trees had been blown down by the high winds，blocking roads.
許多樹被狂風刮倒，堵住了道路。
(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示一個出乎意料的結(jié)果。其前常加only以強調(diào)這一意外結(jié)果。例如：
②I rushed to the school，only to find it was Sunday.
我跑到學校，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那天是星期天。
即境活用
12．(沈陽模擬)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，________a record US $57.65 a barrel.
A．have reached B．reaching C．to reach D．to be reaching
解析：選B。句意“油價從今年初開始至今已經(jīng)上漲了32%，達到每桶57.65美元�！庇胿.ing形式作結(jié)果狀語。
13.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，________in the natural light during the day.
A．to let B．letting C．let D．having let
解析：選B。句意：在入口處，玻璃門已取代了木門，這樣白天自然光便可照射進。to let動詞不定式作目的狀語時，其前不用逗號與句子隔開；作結(jié)果狀語常以only to do形式出現(xiàn)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。let為原形，不能用作狀語。having let為分詞的完成時態(tài)，表示動作在主句動詞所表達的動作之前已完成，不合題意。letting是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，故選B。
2【教材原句】 The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(P39)
這些管子被捆在一根長棍子上，這根棍子有助于讓火箭保持筆直的方向前進。
【句法分析】 該句式中keep為使役動詞，該句式意為“使……繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。
(1)keep＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋形容詞。
(2)keep＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋副詞。
(3)keep＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋名詞。
(4)keep＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋現(xiàn)在分詞，其中賓語與賓語補足語之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。
(5)keep＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋過去分詞，其中賓語與賓語補足語之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。
(6)keep＋賓語(名詞或代詞)＋介詞短語。
①Don’t keep all the windows open.
別把所有的窗子都開著。
②He kept all the lights on when he went out.
他出去時把所有的燈都開著。
③Please keep me a place in the queue.
請在隊里給我留個位置。
④He kept me waiting in the rain.
他讓我在雨中等。
⑤He will never keep a job half done.
他從都不會讓工作半途而廢。
⑥D(zhuǎn)on’t keep the child by himself at home.
別把孩子一個人留在家里。
即境活用
14．(高考全國卷Ⅱ)They use computers to keep the traffic________smoothly.
A．being run B．run C．to run D．running
解析：選D。根據(jù)“keep...doing”結(jié)構(gòu)得出答案。句意“他們使用計算機使交通通暢。”
15.To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English________as much as we can.
A．speak B．speaking C．spoken D．to speak
解析：選C。句意：為了把英語學好，我們應(yīng)當盡可能抓住一切機會去聽別人講英語。本題關(guān)鍵要意識到English和speak之間是被動關(guān)系，故選C。
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