2012屆高三英語語法知識(shí)主謂一致復(fù)習(xí)教案

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高三 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)



15. 主謂一致是指:
1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
   一般說,不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
  There is much water in the thermos.
   但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
15.1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
  Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
  注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:
  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were
答案B. 注: 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí),先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。
15.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí),謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:
 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:
 Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
15.3 謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致
當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:
  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。
  He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
15.4 謂語需用單數(shù)
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),或主語中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:
  Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。
  There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。
 3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如:
  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期做準(zhǔn)備。
  Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
15.5 指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:
All is right. 一切順利。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:
   His family isn\'t very large. 他家成員不多。
   His family are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。
  但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
   Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
  A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
  The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
  A number of books have lent out.
  The majority of the students like English.
15.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:
  ost of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。
ost of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:
A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
  any a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。
  ore than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生自這個(gè)城市。





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