2012屆高考英語頂尖學(xué)案：外研版
odule 6 War and Peace 戰(zhàn)爭與和平
核心詞匯
1．Germany o__________ many countries by the attacks known as the Blitz.
2．Don’t play by the river in case you fall in and get d____________.
3．A r____________ team is trying to reach the trapped miners.
4．In his early days Lu Xun a____________ medicine for literature.
5．The singer felt e____________ by the many letters of support.
6．____________(維和人員)from our country have set out for Iraq in October.
7．There was an exciting new ____________(突破)in cancer research.
8．y father wanted to buy a country house for his ____________ retirement but ____________ he bought one in town because it has all the modern conveniences.(eventual)
9．At first he ____________ to my plan but then he changed his mind and ____________ to it.His ____________ made me very angry.(agree)
10．The doctors are ____________ on an ____________ of a factory who got injured when ____________ a machine，and the ____________ is said to last over one hour.(operation)
1.occupied 2.drowned 3.rescue 4.abandoned,5.encouraged 6.Peacekeepers 7.breakthrough 8.eventual；eventually 9.agreed；disagreed；disagreement,10.operating；operator；operating；operation
高頻短語
1．________________ 向……宣戰(zhàn)
2．________________ 取得重大突破(進展)
3．________________ 停下讓某人搭車(船等)；救起
4．________________ 卷入，陷入
5．________________ 收獲，進入
6．________________ 考慮，思考
7．________________ 令某人驚訝的是
8．________________ 位于，坐落于
9．________________ 為……干杯，祝酒
10．________________ 注意
11．________________ 在視野中
12．________________ 提及，參考
1.declare war on 2.make a breakthrough 3.pick up,4.be involved in 5.get in 6.think about 7.to one’s astonishment 8.be situated on 9.drink to 10.draw attention to 11.in view 12.refer to
重點句式
1．The war，________________，is known as the Second World War.
這場戰(zhàn)爭一直持續(xù)到1945年，被稱為第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。
2．ore than 5,000 ships crossed the English Channel，________________.
5000多艘船只橫渡英吉利海峽，載著130,000名士兵到法國海岸。
3．________ they ________________ the beach，they ________________.
要是他們抵達了海灘就很有可能沒命了。
4．The survivors lay on the beach，________________.
死里逃生的戰(zhàn)士躺在海灘上，疲憊不堪，心有余悸。
5．The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff ________ the beach and the English Channel，________________.
墓地和紀念碑坐落在一處懸崖之上，從那里可以俯瞰海灘和英吉利海峽，當時一艘艘船只就試圖從那里登陸。
1.which lasted until 1945 2.carrying 130，000 troops to the French coast 3.If；had reached；would probably have been killed 4.exhausted and shocked 5.overlooking；from where the boats attempted their landings
知識詳解
1.Abandon v．& n．放棄，拋棄，離棄，逃離；中止
(回歸本P72)The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion.奧馬哈海灘的形勢非常嚴峻，以至于美軍司令官都考慮放棄進攻了。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①The old couple have brought up three abandoned children.
這對老夫婦已經(jīng)撫養(yǎng)了三個被遺棄的孩子了。
②(朗P2)The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.由于天氣不好，比賽不得不終止。
③(朗P2)Imogen had abandoned all hope of ever seeing her brother again.
伊莫金已經(jīng)放棄了再次見到哥哥的全部希望。
④However，I think that one can abandon oneself to new experiences when overseas without treating one’s training with abandon.
不過，我想一個人在海外時不防讓自己沉溺于新的體驗，只要不過于放縱而損于修養(yǎng)。
【易混辨析】
abandon，desert，leave，quit
四者都含有“放棄，遺棄”的意思。
(1)abandon強調(diào)“完全、永遠地遺棄”，尤其是指遺棄以前感興趣或負有責任的人或物。
(2)desert強調(diào)“違背誓言、命令、責任、義務(wù)等”。
(3)leave強調(diào)“離開(某地)或留下、遺忘(某物)”。
(4)quit強調(diào)“突然或不經(jīng)意地放棄”，常指“停止”。
①The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.
②The 9?year?old boy was abandoned by his alcoholic father.
③She quitted her job.
④He left his wallet in the classroom.
【即境活用】
1．The girl had to ________ her journey because of her mother’s illness.
A．a(chǎn)bandon B．leave
C．desert D．quit
解析：選A。句意：由于這個女孩的母親生病，她不得不放棄旅行。abandon指因外界壓力或影響完全或永久地舍棄自己所感興趣的事物或人；leave是一般用語，著重強調(diào)“離開，遺留下”的意思；desert指某人或某物在困難中或困境中被人背棄；quit指突然出其不意地放棄，往往也含有在感情上舍棄的意味。
2.The plan was ________ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
A．released B．deserted
C．resigned D．a(chǎn)bandoned
解析：選D。句意：當發(fā)現(xiàn)這個方案將會耗費巨資時，它被放棄了。abandon和desert都有“放棄，拋棄”之意，desert表示拋棄自己的天職或應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，而abandon指因外界壓力和影響而放棄自己負有責任或感興趣的東西。release“解除，免除”；resign“辭去，辭職”。
2.occupy vt. 占領(lǐng)；占據(jù)；占用；占有(時間、空間)；承擔，擔任；使忙碌于(做某事)
(回歸本P72)During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.
在戰(zhàn)爭期間，德國占領(lǐng)了許多國家，也包括法國。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①While she waited，she tried to occupy her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation.
等待的時候，她盡量讓自己沉浸在對假期的美好想象之中。
②(朗P1412)Fishing occupies most of my spare time.
釣魚占去了我大部分的閑暇時間。
③The Jackson family have occupied this apartment for the past six months.
過去半年中， 杰克遜一家住在這套公寓里。
④The man was occupied with ordering computer parts.
這名男子的時間都用于訂購電腦配了。
⑤She occupied herself in cooking.
＝She was occupied in cooking.她正忙著做飯。
⑥Please state your name，address and occupation.
請說明你的姓名，地址和職業(yè)。
【即境活用】
3．Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ________ for a whole week.
A．constrained B．dominated
C．restricted D．occupied
解析：選D。句意：她熱衷于重新裝修這間大房子，這使她忙碌了整整一周。occupied忙碌的，被占據(jù)的；constrained拘謹?shù)模蛔匀坏�；dominated控制的，支配的；restricted受限制的，有限的。
4.Danis is ________ hunting for a new job and has no eye for his wife and children.
A．occupied in B．buried for
C．a(chǎn)bsorbed to D．engaged to
解析：選A。句意是：丹尼斯一心在找工作，沒有關(guān)心他的妻兒。be occupied in 忙于；B項改為buried in(埋頭于……)；C項改為absorbed in(專心于……)；D項的意思是“與某人訂婚”，表示“忙于”時，要用engaged in/with。
3.despite prep. 不管，不顧
(回歸本P83)The UN couldn’t stop a terrible civil war in the African state of Rwanda in 1995，despite warnings of the dangers from nearby states.
1995年聯(lián)合國沒能制止非洲國家盧旺達境內(nèi)的嚴重戰(zhàn)爭，盡管周邊國家發(fā)出了危險警告。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①Despite all our efforts to save the school，the county decided to close it.盡管我們竭盡全力想保住這所學(xué)校，縣里還是決定把它關(guān)閉。
②Despite/In spite of the traffic jam，he arrived here on time.
盡管交通堵塞，他仍然準時到達了這兒。
③(朗P1982)elly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.
雖然她丈夫酗酒，凱莉仍然愛著他。
④He went ahead and did it，regardless of the consequences.
他說干就干了，沒有顧及后果。
【即境活用】
5．________ scientists knohere a storm will happen，winds will suddenly change，carrying the storm to a new direction.
A．Even if B．Since
C．Despite D．Unless
解析：選A。句意為：即使科學(xué)家們知道暴風雨將要發(fā)生的地點，但風向會突然改變，使暴風雨轉(zhuǎn)向一個新方向。由前后語意可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。carrying在此表示結(jié)果狀語，despite是介詞，不能直接引導(dǎo)從句。
6.________ the advances of science，the discomforts of old age will always be with us.
A．As for B．Besides
C．Except D．Despite
解析：選D。句意：盡管科學(xué)取得了巨大的發(fā)展，但年老的不適毫無疑問總會伴隨著我們。despite盡管，不管，相當于in spite of；as for至于，說到；besides除……之外(還有)；except除……外(沒有)。
4.worthwhile adj. 值得做的，有價值的，有用的
(回歸本P79)But the villagers treated us like heroes，and for a brief moment，I felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile.
但村民們把我們當成英雄對待，一時間我覺得所有的恐怖和危險都是值得的。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①We had a long wait，but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
我們等了很長時間，但這是值得的，因為我們買到了票。
②Thank you for making my visit so worthwhile.
感謝你們使我的訪問如此有價值。
③It is worthwhile discussing the question.(＝It is worthwhile to discuss the question.)這個問題值得討論。
【易混辨析】
worth，worthy，worthwhile
(1)worth意為“值(多少錢)”、“相當于……的價值”或“值得”等。其后通常接表示錢數(shù)的名詞或相當于“代價”的比喻性名詞。
be worth 后還可接動詞的-ing形式，意為“值得做”，應(yīng)使用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。be worth不能接不定式。
(2)worthy的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be worthy of sth./be worthy of doing sth./sth.is worthy to be done或sth.is worthy of being done。
(3)worthwhile要與形式主語it并用，構(gòu)成It is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth.，worth也可用于這個句式中。
①Guilin is worthy of being visited.
②Hangzhou is a beautiful place.It is worthwhile to go there.
③Is the exhibition worth a visit?
【即境活用】
7．Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life，they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and ________ interests.
A．worth B．worthy
C．valuable D．worthwhile
解析：選D。句意：因為美國的父母們認為知識使生活更有意義，所以他們盡力為孩子們提供許多機會以發(fā)展他們的技能和值得花費精力的愛好。worthwhile值得花時間/精力的；worth后接動名詞或名詞；worthy有價值的，常作表語；valuable值錢的，貴重的。
8.We have worked together in harmony for many years, and I find it ________ with them.
A．worthy of working
B．useless to work
C．worth of working
D．worthwhile working
解析：選D。句意是：我們已融洽合作很多年了，我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他們合作很值得。it 是find的形式賓語；worthwhile是賓補，working with them是真正的賓語。形式主語或形式賓語常與worthwhile連用。
5.to one’s astonishment 令某人驚訝的是
(回歸本P79)To our astonishment，just two days after we had received our confidential orders to join the D-Day landing troops，and after a day fighting and seeing many of my friends killed by the enemy，we found ourselves outside a peaceful village in France.
使我們吃驚的是，就在我們接到加入D日登陸部隊的機密命令后兩天，經(jīng)過一天的戰(zhàn)斗，并親眼目睹我的很多朋友被敵軍殘殺后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們到了一個寧靜的法國村莊外面。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①To his astonishment，the keys were in the door.
＝To the astonishment of him，the keys were in the door.
讓他吃驚的是，鑰匙就在門上。
②uch to everyone’s astonishment，the plan succeeded.
大大出乎所有人的意料，那個計劃竟然成功了。
③To the curiosity of everyone，his father was not angry over what he had done.
使每個人好奇的是，他的父親并沒有因為他做的事而生氣。
【即境活用】
9．To our ________，the computer doesn’t function again.
A．disappointment B．disappointing
C．disappointed D．delight
答案：A
句型梳理
1.【教材原句】 The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.(P72)
軍事行動特別危險，許多士兵甚至還沒得及下船就被殺死了。
【句法分析】 此句為一個主從復(fù)合句，before引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，意為“還沒有得及……就……”。
before用作連詞句型歸納：
(1)before sb.can/could...某人還沒得及……
①Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我還沒得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
(2)It will be＋時間＋before...還有多長時間……才……
②It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他還有四年時間才能畢業(yè)。
(3)had done some time before ……才……
③We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4)had not done...before...不到……就……
④We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路他就覺得累了。
(5)It was not＋一段時間＋before不多久就……
⑤It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們就離開了那個國家。
【即境活用】
10．Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________ I could answer the phone.
A．a(chǎn)s B．since
C．until D．before
解析：選D。句意為：半夜有人給我打電話，但是在我應(yīng)答之前對方就掛斷了。before表示在……之前，符合題意。
11.It was not long ________，his name became a household word.
A．when B．a(chǎn)fter
C．before D．since
解析：選C�？疾榫涫絀t was not long before...，表示不多久就……。句意為：不久之后，他的名字就家喻戶曉了。it was not long before＝shortly。
2.【教材原句】 The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.(P73)
死里逃生的戰(zhàn)士躺在海灘上，疲憊不堪，心有余悸。
【句法分析】 exhausted and shocked是形容詞短語作狀語，表示死里逃生的戰(zhàn)士躺在海灘上時的狀態(tài)。形容詞的這種用法很常見。
①He arrived home，hungry and tired.他又餓又累地回到家里。
②He turned away，disappointed.他失望地走開了。
③In spite of the terrible weather，he landed all the passengers safe.盡管天氣很糟糕，他還是使所有乘客都安全著陸了。
④Happy and gay，the little girl ran to her parents.
這個小女孩興高采烈地跑向她的父母。
【即境活用】
12．(2009年高考浙江卷)________ and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of ount Tai.
A．To be tired B．Tired
C．Tiring D．Being tired
解析：選B。考查形容詞短語作狀語。此處是形容詞詞組說明主語的狀態(tài)，實際上它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于“Although Andy and Ruby were tired and short of breath”，故B項正確。
13.After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，________.
A．exhausting
B．exhausted
C．being exhausted
D．having exhausted
解析：選B。句意是：從國外旅行之后，理查德•瓊斯疲憊不堪地回到了家。exhaust是一個使役動詞，意為“使精疲力盡”。例如：y father is completely exhausted.我父親精疲力竭。
3.【教材原句】 ...he said，“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so fe”(P81)
……他說道，“在人類戰(zhàn)爭史上從沒有一次像這樣，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功，保護如此多的眾生。”
【句法分析】 (1)本句是一個由否定詞never開頭的倒裝句，否定詞或短語放在句首經(jīng)常構(gòu)成部分倒裝，即把助動詞提到主語的前面去。常見的否定詞還有：
nor，neither，no，not，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until，not only...but also，hardly(scarcely)．..when，no sooner...than等。
①Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also his German citizenship.不僅他所有的東西都被帶走了，就連他的德國國籍也被取消了。
(2)在反意疑問句的陳述句部分中，如包含seldom，no，nothing，never，hardly，scarcely，little，few等否定副詞，則這部分是否定，簡短問句就應(yīng)用肯定。
②He is seldom ill，is he？他很少生病，是嗎？
③He was hardly twenty then，was he?
他當時幾乎沒有二十歲，是嗎？
【即境活用】
14．(2009年高考陜西卷)Little ________ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.
A．did Rose care B．Rose did care
C．Rose does care D．does Rose care
解析：選A。句意：雖然處境很危險，但羅斯幾乎不關(guān)心自己的安全。little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時句子用部分倒裝，由后半句判斷句子是過去時，故選A項。
15.(2009年高考全國卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers’ energy
B．was teachers’ energy saved
C．teachers’ energy was saved
D．was saved teachers’ energy
解析：選B。句意：計算機應(yīng)用于，結(jié)果，不僅教師節(jié)省能量，而且學(xué)生對程更感興趣。not only...but (also)放在句首作狀語，句子用部分倒裝。not only后的部分倒裝，but also后的部分不倒裝。
作指導(dǎo)
說明
【體裁導(dǎo)航】
說明，顧名思義，就是要說清、道明�？梢�，清晰的描述、不紊的條理、分明的層次和準確的用詞，都是說明最明顯的特征。
無論是字敘述還是圖表標識，只要無時間限制，說明中一般都要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
圖表說明是近年高考英語寫作的重點、熱點，也是國家英語程標準所要求掌握的。做這一寫作題型時，同學(xué)們最好能在分清圖與圖之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，列出要點，逐條予以說明。
這樣，既能避免主次不分，又能有效防止要點的遺漏。
巧用過渡性詞語，能使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，條理清晰。
中學(xué)階段常用的過渡詞語主要有以下幾類：
1．表示時間順序：first, then, afterwards, to begin with, meanwhile, later, soon, finally ...
2．表示空間順序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side ...
3．表示并列關(guān)系：and, as well as, also, too ...
4．表示因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as a result (of), therefore, thus, thanks to ...
5．表示遞進關(guān)系：besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, also, one more thing ...
6．表示比照關(guān)系：like, unlike, such as，but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary ...
7．表示條關(guān)系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that ...
8．表示概括關(guān)系：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up ...
【寫作示例】
由于現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們現(xiàn)在的日常生活已與幾十年前的大不一樣。那么，隨著社會和科學(xué)技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展，未人們的生活又會是什么樣的呢？請你以“未生活”為主題，從人類的工作、身體的變化、生活的環(huán)境、交通設(shè)施、溝通方式、住房等方面，展開想象，描述一下未美好的生活。
要求：1.想象合理，表達清晰，有條理。
2．描述你想象中的未生活。
3．詞數(shù)：120～150。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
本的體裁是說明，主題是未的生活，時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般將時。
要求學(xué)生預(yù)測并適當描述幾十年以后生活可能發(fā)生的變化，表達自己對未美好的愿望。可以分為三部分：一、開頭，二、主體，三、結(jié)尾。第一部分(第1段)開門見，直接點題，指出未的生活肯定會發(fā)生巨大的變化。第二部分(第2和3段)發(fā)揮想象，具體闡述�？蓮娜藗�?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母鱾�方面(工作、交通、教育學(xué)習、休閑娛樂、環(huán)境等)入手。第三部分(第4段)提出建議，表達自己美好的愿望。
【金點模板】
一、開頭(表達個人觀點)
I suppose that ...
Personally, I think that ...
With science and technology developing, it is certain that ...
二、主體
1．句型
In the future we will...
ore people will be able to ...
At that time, people will be using ...
There will be no need to ...
2．過渡詞
besides/in addition/what’s more/furthermore而且
for example/for instance/such as舉例
instead of代替，而不是
not only ...but also ...不但……而且……
in other words換句話說
that is to say也就是說
三、結(jié)尾
1．句型
Compared to the life today, the future life will be ...
No matter what happens in the future, we will ...
2．過渡詞
altogether總之；above all 最重要的是；however然而
【范點評】
The Future Life
①With science and technology developing fast, it is certain that the future life will be more convenient and fastpaced.In the future we will have more free time and we may change jobs several times in our career.②ore people will be able to work at home, doing less manual work but more learning and thinking, which will make our brains bigger and bodies smaller.
③Besides, transportation will become cleaner, faster, cheaper and not so crowded.④There will be no need to worry about the environment being polluted while traveling, for new fuels and engines will be used.
At that time，⑤people will be using the Internet to shop and do business while stores will be more like entertainment parks.⑥People will live in green houses and keep in touch with each other by using advanced videophones which can also be used for shopping and banking.
⑦Altogether, compared to the life we live today，the future life will be totally different. ⑧However, no matter what happens in the future, as long as we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different，we will be well prepared for whatever the future may have in store and enjoy a happier and healthier life.
點評：
①由復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”引出話題，自然流暢。
②此句準確得體地運用了非謂語動詞作狀語和非限制性定語從句。
③使用過渡詞besides，把話題自然引到“交通方式的變化”上。
④準確使用There is no need to do...句型，且多處使用非謂語動詞，如：to worry，being polluted，traveling。
⑤使用while銜接兩個不同的未變化；前一個分句用將進行時使舉例時語言更生動形象。
⑥by引導(dǎo)的方式狀語中包含有一個定語從句。
⑦用altogether引出對上面兩段的猜想的總結(jié)。
⑧由轉(zhuǎn)折詞however銜接兩個句子，使句意互相照應(yīng)，連貫流暢。
【類題嘗試】
自1978年以，我國海外留學(xué)生回國人數(shù)逐年上升。請在Shanghai Daily上發(fā)表一篇，根據(jù)圖表敘述海外人員歸國情況，分析回歸原因，并希望更多的海外學(xué)者回國創(chuàng)業(yè)。
要求：1.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點適當增加細節(jié)，以使行連貫；
2．詞數(shù)150左右，短開頭已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：制定政策—work out policies，海歸人員—returnee
There has been a reversal of the braindrain since 1978 across the country.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
One possible version：
There has been a reversal of the braindrain since 1978 across the country.Between 1978 and 2007, about 7,000 overseas Chinese returned to Shanghai after completing their studies abroad.They accounted for about 25% of all returnees nationwide.The year 2008 has witnessed a boom.The number of returnees came up to 15,000.By the end of 2009, a further 22,000 have returned to this city.
The reversal of the braindrain mainly arises from three facts.Firstly, our government values overseas Chinese scholars highly, encourages them to return home to start their own careers and has worked out a series of preferential policies.In Shanghai, the famous international city, they can enjoy a modern lifestyle.Secondly, China’s economy has been developing at a high speed, which provides them with a vast space of development.
any returnees have achieved outstanding success in scientific research or in highlevel management.They are playing a more and more important role.Thirdly, the current global financial crisis leaves many overseas out of work or at the edge of being laid off.They feel more secure at home because the economy is more stable.
I hope that more overseas Chinese can head home.There is a bright future ahead of them.
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaosan/43343.html
相關(guān)閱讀：2012屆高考英語必考詞匯90天復(fù)習案：第69天