非謂語動詞
【2012年高考預(yù)測】
非謂語動詞是歷年高考試題的重點，每年都會有不止一道的非謂語動詞考題。縱觀近年全國的高考試題，我們不難預(yù)測2012年高考對非謂語動詞的考查將主要集中在如下兩方面：1、非謂語動詞的句法功能，即其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?、非謂語動詞的一些特殊用法。
【重難點突破】
【概述】動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）可以出現(xiàn)在句子中除謂語以外的任何一個位置上，充當(dāng)句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分，這些動詞形式稱為非謂語動詞。
基本用法
1）、不定式
時態(tài)\語態(tài) 主動被動
一般式 to doto be done
完成式 to have doneto have been done
2）、動名詞
時態(tài)\語態(tài) 主動 被動
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having donehaving been done
3）、分詞
時態(tài)\語態(tài) [來源:Zxxk.Com]主動 被動
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having donehaving been done
否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 動名詞，　not + 現(xiàn)在分詞
非謂語動詞主要的句法功能一覽表：
非謂語動詞[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK][來源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)]功能[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語
　　不定式　　√　　√　　√　　√　　√　　√
　　動名詞　　√　　√　　√　　√　　 　　極少
　　分詞　　 　　 　　√　　√　　√　　√
一、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別
1．感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動詞（不帶to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞�，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。
（2011?全國新課標(biāo)卷）27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．【B】
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
（2011?浙江卷）14．Even the best writers find themselves ___for words．【B】
A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost
注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表完成和狀態(tài)。
（2010上海）
33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
2．leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中的leave 保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是“使……處于某種狀態(tài)）。
leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事（賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。）
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示將來的動作。）
如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對的。（主動，正在進(jìn)行）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人們沒有動大部分菜，因為它們嘗起來不可口。（被動，完成）
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主動，將來）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我們匆匆忙忙地結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。（被動，將來）
3．have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時，其中have, get 表示“使、讓、叫”之意。
① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/ 讓某事由別人去做”（叫/讓某人做某事）。
（2011?陜西卷）14．Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left．【D】
A．check B．checking C．to check D．checked
（2010遼寧）35.Alexander tried to get his work ___ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，正在進(jìn)行）
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物開始行動起來
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起來。
注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要讓水流個不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/讓/叫某人去做某事
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列動詞后跟帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。
The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門
下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to：
它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”??5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2聽（listen to, hear）；1感覺（fell）。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動詞除let, make 外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
不定式、分詞作定語用法要點
一、不定式作定語
1．作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。
（2010山東）23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。
2．當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：
Have you anything to send ?
你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send 的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”）
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？
（不定式to be sent 的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）
3．用不定式作定語的幾種情況：
不定式表將來：
（2010重慶）34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any 等限定的中心詞。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。
（2011?湖南卷）21 ．The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself.【C】
A．expressing B．expressed C．to express D．to cover
二、分詞作定語
1．作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為：V ?ing; being + 過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關(guān)系時，用V ?ing；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時，用being + 過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表完成時，用過去分詞。例如：
（2011?江蘇卷）31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens．【B】
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
（2011?湖南卷）23the players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game ．【C】
A．selecting B．to selected C． selected D．having selected
2．作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：V ?ing 和過去分詞。V ?ing 表示正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如：
falling leaves 正落的葉子 fallen leaves 落下的葉子
boiling water 正沸騰的水 boiled water 沸騰過的水（白開水）
三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別
這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)生時間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。
（2011?山東卷）27．Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path ___ up to the house．【A】
A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead
不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。
如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點
一、不定式作狀語
（2011?四川卷）11．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly．【D】
A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep
在某些形容詞作表語，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如：
（2010遼寧）25.We were astonished ___ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found
在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。He was too excited not to say a few words.
他太激動了，不會不講幾句話的。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上學(xué)年齡了。
注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用in order to (為了) 或so as to (以便) + 動詞原形。so as to 不用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
汽車停下來以便接納乘客。
To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.
To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨立成分)
二、分詞作狀語
1．分詞作狀語的基本原則
分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。
分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語。
2．分詞作狀語的句法功能
分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時可由連詞while 或when 引出。
（2011?江西卷）32．On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr．Gordon immediately rushed home from his office． 【C】
A． says B．said C．saying D．to say
（2011?四川卷）16. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．【C】
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
（2011?全國II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument．【D】
A．says B. said C．to say D．saying
（2011?陜西卷）20．More highways have been built in China, ___ it much easier for people to travel form one place another．【A】
A．making B．made C．to makeD．having made
3．獨立成分作狀語
有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：
Generally speaking … 一般說來 Frankly speaking … 坦白地說
Judging from … 根據(jù)……來判斷 Considering … 考慮到……
To tell you the truth … 說實話
非謂語動詞其它用法
一、疑問詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
疑問詞（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，這個結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語。如：
（2011?遼寧卷）23．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first．【C】
A．what B．who C．how D．why
注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?
二、不定式的主動和被動
1．不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往用主動形式。
Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?
2．不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式。
She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)
3．不定式作表語形容詞的關(guān)語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb. 。
This book is difficult to understand.
4．在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。如：
There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )
There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )
請注意下面兩個句子的含義的不同點：
There is nothing to do. (無事可做，感到十分乏味。)
There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常。)
三、不定式符號to的保留問題
有時為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to 來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現(xiàn)在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
? Are you on holiday ?
? No, but I’d like to be.
? I didn’t tell him the news. 我沒有告訴他那個消息。
? Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本應(yīng)該告訴他的
四、動名詞作主語
動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。
It is / was no use / good + doing sth.
It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.
It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
It is / was useless doing sth.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
每天都熬夜沒有什么好處
若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe. 眼見為實。
特殊用法集錦
一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：
決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。
主動答應(yīng)選計 劃，同意請求幫一幫。
Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外，afford, strive（斗爭） 等也要用不定式作賓語。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：
考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk
此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。
（2011?四川卷）2．Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad．Her parents are old．【B】
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。
1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事
remember to do sth. 記住去做某事
remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事
regret to do sth. 后悔/遺憾去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事
stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情
try to do sth. 努力/試圖做某事
try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事
mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接著做另一件事
go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
can’t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
2．動詞like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動詞不定式。
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
I’d like to go swimming this weekend.
3．在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.
allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
（2011?天津卷）7．Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．【A】
A．to carry B．carrying C．to be carried D．being carried
4．動詞need, require, want 作“需要”解時，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。此外，若動詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
need / require / want doing / to be done
need / require / want sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. (表示錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的名詞)
be worth doing be worthy of being done
be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done
The window needs / requires / wants cleaning\to be cleaned.
窗戶需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
The place is worthy to be visited.
那個地方值得一去。
四、動詞不定式作動詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語時，前面常帶wh ? 引導(dǎo)詞。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用賓語從句。例如：
He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)
I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)
Can you tell me why do it ?
五、動詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。
We could do nothing but / other than wait.
We had nothing to do but / other than wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
I can’t choose but laugh.
六、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別
falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉
boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水
developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.
(The girl was frightened. )
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來。
His frightening shout scared the boys again.
The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.
他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。
類似的還有：
an exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 興奮的聲音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
1.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成
with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語可以是名詞或是代詞，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是介詞短語、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、副詞。且with后面的賓語與其后的賓語補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
1）With+賓語+介詞短語
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+賓語+過去分詞（賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是被動關(guān)系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
3）with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動關(guān)系）
With w inter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4）with+賓語+to do（不定式做賓補(bǔ)有“將來”的含義）
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+賓語+形容詞/副詞
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的作用
with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語，表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨、方式等。
(09海南35) Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ______ ?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個相當(dāng)于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動詞、形容詞（副）詞、或介詞短語構(gòu)成的一種獨立成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，也不是從句，所以它內(nèi)部的動詞不能考慮其時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，它與其主句之間既不能通過并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，常用逗號與其主句隔開。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或其他狀語形式，但很多時候不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞形式，因為它內(nèi)部動詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致。
（一）：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；
名詞(代詞)+形容詞；
名詞(代詞)+副詞；
名 詞(代詞)+不定式；
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。
（二）：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點：
1）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。
3）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。
（2011?浙江卷）3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years．【A】
A．having B．had C．have D．to have
【高考真題剖析】
（2011?福建卷）23．Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures．
A．found B．foundingC．founded D．to be founded
答案【C】考查非謂語動詞。Tsinghua University與found之間是被動關(guān)系，同時又是完成意義的非謂語動詞，所以選擇C。
（2011?浙江卷）19．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters．
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．To be cheered D．Were cheered
答案【C】考查非謂語動詞。the team與cheer之間是被動關(guān)系，同時又表目的，所以選擇C。
（2011?湖南卷）29 ．Do you wake up every morning ____ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt
答案【C】考查非謂語動詞。you 與feel之間是主動關(guān)系，表伴隨，所以選擇C。
【真題練習(xí)】
（09安徽）1. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
【答案】C
（09北京）2 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow K
【答案】A
（09北京）3. The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
【答案】D
（09北京）4. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
【答案】D
（09北京）5. ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
【答案】A
（09福建）6. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out f or the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. To remind D. Having reminded
【答案】B 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動詞用過去分詞，選B。
（09福建）7. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked
C. having marked D. being marked
【答案】A 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，其后有賓語，故與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞，選A。
（09湖南）8．When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.
A. would open B. opened
C. had opened D. was to open
【答案】D 考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定時的用法。句意為：當(dāng)他要打開門的時候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見了。動詞不定時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
（09湖南）9．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
【答案】A 考查分詞的用法。句意為：29歲的大衛(wèi),是一個工人,住在一間小公寓在波士頓附近,不知怎么辦關(guān)于他的未來。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾a worker，and 為并列連詞，連接相同的成份。
（09湖南）10. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused
【答案】D 考查動詞不定時的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在人們有時把他們的廢物分開，以便很容易被重復(fù)利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動作，而且是被動的。故選D。
（09湖南）11. Please do me a favor ? ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.
A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited
【答案】C
（09江西）12. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
【答案】D 考查非謂語動詞。如果把句子補(bǔ)充完整就不難看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主語they 即these teenager soccer players與give 之間是被動的關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語一致可省略從句主語的原則，連詞if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
（09江西）13. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
【答案】B 考查非謂語動詞的用法。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾new laws ,相當(dāng)于which forces ……...
（09海南）14 The children all tur ned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at
C. to looking at D. look at
【答案】B。 句意為：當(dāng)那位著名的女演員走進(jìn)了教室，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。
turn to 表示“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助”的意思。
(09海南)15. Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
A. taking B. take C. takenD. to take
【答案】C。 考查with +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)討論了問題,是人們最滿意的決定？ take 與the decisions之間存在的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動
（09山東）16. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held
C. being held D. holding
【答案】A 考查非謂語動詞的用法，由next month可知時間是在將來，party是被舉行，故選A。
（09陜西）17。 I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【答案】D 考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞做remember的賓語，而remember后用非謂語動詞做賓語時，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的動作已經(jīng)完成，也可用動詞不定式，表示的動作還未發(fā)生，根據(jù)后文的saw可知此處非謂語動詞動作已經(jīng)完成，且與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用v-ing的被動式，選D。
（09上海）18. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
【答案】B
（09上海）19. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the n ew settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
【答案】C
（09上海）20. Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
【答案】C
（09四川）21. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
【答案】A 考查非謂語的用法。remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多種形式做表語，在該題中可以把seated視為一個形容詞，所以正確答案為A。
（09上海）22. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting
C. to report D. having reported
【答案】C
（09四川）23. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
【答案】B.
【解析】考查非謂語的用法，分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 做了賓語從句的主語, He told us 后省略了賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that。
（09四川）24. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
【答案】D 考查非謂語的用法。tell與主語之間的關(guān)系是被動和完成的關(guān)系，所以用having been done來表示被動和完成。
（09天津）25. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing B. Having completed
C. To have completed D. To complete
【答案】D
（09天津）26. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
【答案】C
（09浙江）27．_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. the; a B. Tired
C. TiringD. Being tired
【答案】B
（09浙江）28．There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicateB. indicating
C. to indicateD. to be indicating
【答案】B
（09重慶）29. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
【答案】D
（09重慶）30. With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt
C. to deal D. dealing
【答案】C
（09全國2 ）31. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
【答案】D 考查非謂語動詞V-ing，這兒構(gòu)成(keep sth. doing。
（09江蘇）32. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped
C. to help D. having helped
【答案】C
（09江蘇）33.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended
【答案】C
（10福建）25. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sendingB. to send
C. having sentD. to have sent
25. 答案：A
考點：非謂語動詞
解析：表示伴隨。從 “were working”可以判斷是進(jìn)行時態(tài)，排除C。
34. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. stickingB. stuck
C. to be stuckD. to have stuck34.
答案：B
考點：remain后接動詞的用法
解析：remain是高考的重點詞匯。當(dāng)它做系動詞時，后面接過去分詞作表語。
（10上海）33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
答案：A
考點：本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根據(jù)句意，sb.與它后面的動詞成被動關(guān)系，故選A.
35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
答案：A
考點：本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析：考察現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示正在進(jìn)行或主動的動作。此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。
40. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
答案：B
考點：此處考查非謂語動詞。
解析：此處應(yīng)該用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途徑、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定語，前面省略了that.
（10安徽）30. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travelC. traveled D. traveling
答案：D.
考點：本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。
解析：主語（he）與動詞travel之間存在主動關(guān)系，故用traveling作原因狀語。
（10湖南）21. Listen! Do you hear someone for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
21. 答案：A
考點：考查非謂語動詞。
解析：該空在句中為非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù) someone與call的主動關(guān)系排除D項。hear后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時應(yīng)省略to，由此排除C項。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救，故選A項。
26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
26. 答案：C
考點：考查非謂語動詞。
解析：該空，分詞短語作時間狀語，其邏輯主語Dina與struggle為主動關(guān)系，故排除B項。由劇中的finally可知非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動式。
30. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
30. 答案：A
考點：考查非謂語動詞
解析：該空在句中作后置定語修飾the money，根據(jù)the money與discover的被動關(guān)系，排除C、D兩項。B項表示的是“將要被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思，根據(jù)句意“到目前為止還沒有人來認(rèn)領(lǐng)在圖書館被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢”可判斷選A項。
（10江西）24 The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept
C keeping D to keep
答案：C
考點：考察非謂語。
解析：句子主語lady和keep 之間是主動關(guān)系, 而且walk和keep 同時發(fā)生。
32 There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered
C discovered D being discovered
答案：B.
考點：考察非謂語。
解析：演員等待被發(fā)現(xiàn), 用被動, 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
（10山東）23. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
答案：B
考點：本題考查非謂語動詞的使用。
解析：句意應(yīng)為“這個學(xué)期結(jié)束前，我要做很多閱讀練習(xí)�！庇捎跁r間狀語before the end of this term表達(dá)未來的時間，所以空格處使用動詞不定式表示將來，充當(dāng)readings的定語。
（10天津）12. It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
答案：C.
考點：考查非謂語動詞。
句意：南方下了大雨，在幾個省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。
解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主語it和cause之間存在主動關(guān)系，所以此處要用動詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語
（10四川）4. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned
C. questioned D. questioning
答案：C _ m
考點：考查非謂語動詞作定語。
解析： question與students 存在被動關(guān)系，question表示的動作也已完成，故用過去分詞。
17．The lawyer listened with full attention， to miss any point．
A．not trying B．trying not
C．to try not D．not to try
答案：B. k#s5_u.c o*m
考點：考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀 語及動詞不定式的否定式。
解析：句中l(wèi)isten和try not to miss為同時進(jìn)行的動作，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式做伴隨狀語。又動詞不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故選B。
（10全國Ⅰ）27.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
27題 答案：C
句意：懷特夫人像學(xué)生們展示了一些從圖書館借來的老地圖。
解答：根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞，題干中空格劃在名詞maps后，空格后部分是對maps解釋說明，因此此題考察非謂語動詞做定語。非謂語動詞做狀語，首先判斷動詞與所修飾名詞的主動還是被動關(guān)系，borrow和maps是被動關(guān)系，被動關(guān)系時非謂語動詞形式有三種： to be done, being done, done，to be done表示動作將要發(fā)生，being done表示動作正在發(fā)生，done表示用作已經(jīng)完成，根據(jù)句意borrow的動作已經(jīng)完成，因此選擇C。
34. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
34題 答案：B
句意：父親節(jié)將要到來，為了給爸爸買禮物我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢。
解答：根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞。題干中空格劃在名詞后，但是空格后的部分不是對bank解釋說明，而是說明取錢的目的，因此此題中非謂語動詞做目的狀語，非謂語動詞中不定式做狀語用來表示目的，因此選擇B。
（10江蘇）28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
選A. enabling 表示他在捐獻(xiàn)后的結(jié)果
（陜西）16._____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
A.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語，非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，且其動作在謂語動詞動作之前已經(jīng)完成，用過去分詞，選A。
19. His first book next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published
C. to publish D. being published
B.【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞做后置定語，由時間狀語next month可知所填非謂語動詞表示將來的動作，用動詞不定式，其邏輯主語是所修飾的名詞book,不定式與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動式，選B。
（10全國Ⅱ）11.Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised
C. surprised D being surprised
【答案】C
【解析】省略結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動詞考查。補(bǔ)完整為：Though he was surprised，主語一致，省略主語和系動詞。
（10湖北）72. ________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
72. 答案：“painted”�？键c：非謂語動詞
解析：過去分詞作狀語，主語 “the building”是動作 “paint”的作用對象
75. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（沒什么要擔(dān)心的）. (worry)
75. 答案：nothing to worry about　　
考點：不定式作后置定語
解析：動詞 “worry”與被修飾的名詞 “nothing” 形成動賓關(guān)系，由于 “worry” 是不及物動詞，后面須加上加上介詞 “about”。
（10遼寧）25.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find
C．find D．to be found
答案：B
句意：我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)那座廟仍然還是原來的狀況。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。be astonished 后應(yīng)該跟動詞不定式做狀語。
（10遼寧）35.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing
C. recognize D. recognized
答案：D
句意：亞歷山大試圖讓他的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)圈內(nèi)得到認(rèn)可。
解析：考查非謂語動詞用法。賓語work和recognize之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
（10北京）21. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
21. 答案：A
考點：本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析：look與句子主語I為主動關(guān)系，因此用looking.
25. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
25. 答案：A
考點:本題考查非謂語動詞。
句意：我打電話來咨詢下昨天中國日報上刊登職位的信息。
解析：the position肯定是被advertise，此處的分詞可以理解為一個定語從句which was advertised
（10重慶）30. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having ledB. ledC. leadingD. to lead
30. 答案C
考點：考查非謂語動詞。
解析：句意為：這個消息使公眾震驚，也引起了人們對學(xué)生在校安全的關(guān)注。The news和lead之間是主謂關(guān)系，并作shocked的伴隨狀語，所以用leading。
34. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired
34. 答案D
考點：考查非謂語動詞。
解析： the one指代前面提到的buildings與repair是動賓關(guān)系，由前半句房屋需要修繕可知修繕這個動作發(fā)生在need之后，所以用to be repaired.
（10浙江）20. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
答案：D
考點：本題考查非謂語動詞。
解析：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語：the traffic rule；謂語動詞：says；賓語從句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。賓語從句中的主干為：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修飾賓語從句主語children。動詞weigh 與名詞children是主動關(guān)系，所以選擇weighing。句意：交通法則規(guī)定四歲以下并且體重不超過四十磅的嬰兒必須坐在嬰兒安全座上。
（2011?天津卷）7．Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．【A】
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
（2011?江西卷）32．On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr．Gordon immediately rushed home from his office． 【C】
A． says B．said C．saying D．to say
（2011?天津卷）12．______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order．【B】
A．Translating B．Transl ated
C．To translate D．Having translated
（2011?北京卷）25．It’s important for the figures regularly．【A】
A．to be updated B．to have been updated
C．to update D．to have updated
（2011?四川卷）2．Ladex doesn’t feel like abroad．Her parents are old．【B】
A．study B．studying C．studied D．to study
（2011?四川卷）11．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly．【D】
A．keep B．kept C．keepingD．to keep
（2011?四川卷）16． an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．【C】
A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer
（2011?全國II）18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____nothing about the argument．【D】
A．says B: said C．to say D．saying
（2011?全國II）15．The island, ______to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to．【C】
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
（2011?陜西卷）20．More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．【A】
A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
（2011?陜西卷）14．Claire had luggage an hour befor her plane left．【D】
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
（2011?北京卷）33．Sit down, Emma．You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet．【B】
A．to keep B．keeping
C．having kept D．to have kept
（2011?遼寧卷）23．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first．【C】
A．what B．who C．how D．why
（2011?遼寧卷）30． around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people． 【C】
A．Gather B．To gather
C．Gathering D．To be gathering
（2011?湖南卷）29 ．Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?【C】
A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt
（2011?重慶卷）29．More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety．【A】
A．to raise B．raising
C．to have raised D．having raised
（2011?江蘇卷）22．The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _______that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking．【B】
A．suggest B．suggests
C．suggestedD．suggesting
（2011?江蘇卷）31．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two diff erent supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens．【B】
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared
（2011?全國新課標(biāo)卷）27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house．【B】
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
（2011?浙江卷）3．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years．【A】
A．having B．had C．have D．to have
（2011?浙江卷）14．Even the best writers find themselves _______for words．【B】
A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost
（2011?浙江卷）19．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______by their enthusiastic supporters．【C】
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．To be cheered D．Were cheered
（2011?湖南卷）21 ．The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself【C】
A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to cover
（2011?湖南卷）23the players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game ．【C】
A．selecting B．to selected
C． selected D．having selected
（2011?安徽卷）30．Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces．【D】
A．break B．breaking C．broken D．to break
（2011?山東卷）27．Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path ____up to the house．【A】
A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead
（2011?重慶卷）33．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams．【C】
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．renmind
（2011?福建卷）27．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ．【D】
A．held B．holding
C．be held D．to hold
（2011?福建卷）23．Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures．【C】
A．found B．founding

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