2012年高考英語知識點(diǎn)必修三Module 3單元總復(fù)習(xí)教案

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高三 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
知識詳解
1 experience  n. [C](一次)經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn);[U]經(jīng)驗(yàn);閱歷
vt. 經(jīng)受,體驗(yàn),感受
(回歸課本P21)Have you ever experienced a flood?
你曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過洪災(zāi)嗎?
歸納
have much teaching/working experience教學(xué)/工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,by/from experience憑經(jīng)驗(yàn);從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中(得出),in one’s experience據(jù)某人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)看,experience in/of在……方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn),experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,熟練的,be experienced in在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
例句探源
①Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
孩子們要學(xué)習(xí)新鮮東西就需要親身經(jīng)歷它們。
②(高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)You will have your choice between hot or cold rooms,but you will be well advised to stay at least one night in a cold room for a true experience.
你可以在冷房子和熱房子之間選擇,但是你會被奉勸在冷房子里至少住一夜,做一次真實(shí)的體驗(yàn)。
③In my experience,these things never last very long.
從我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看,這些事情從未長久過。
④He had no experience of managing a farm.
他沒有管理農(nóng)場的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
即境活用
1.He is________as a leader but he doesn’t have ________in teaching.
A.success;many experience
B.a(chǎn) success;much experience
C.success;an experience
D.success;a lot of experiences
解析:選B。a success“一個成功者”;experience表示“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”是不可數(shù)名詞。
2.We had ________pleasant experience when my family were on ________vacation last summer.
A./;/       B.a(chǎn);a
C./;a D.a(chǎn);/
解析:選D。句意是:去年夏天我們家庭的度假是一次令人愉快的經(jīng)歷。experience指“經(jīng)歷”,是可數(shù)名詞,所以前面要用不定冠詞;on vacation是習(xí)慣用語,vacation前面不用冠詞。
2 occur   vi. 發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);(想法、念頭等)想起,浮現(xiàn)
(回歸課本P23)Almost all of them occur in the U.S.,...
幾乎所有的龍卷風(fēng)都發(fā)生在美國,……
歸納
例句探源
①Such an idea never occurred to me.
我從沒想到過這樣一個主意。
②Didn’t it occur to you that your husband might be late?
你當(dāng)時沒有想到你丈夫也許會晚到嗎?
③I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police.
我想你壓根兒就沒想到給警方打電話吧。
易混辨析
occur,happen,take place,break out
(1)occur屬正式用語,它可以指偶然地“發(fā)生”,也可以指在指定的時間“發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)”,還可以表示抽象事物,如思想等的“產(chǎn)生”。在以具體事物、事件作主語時,可與happen互換。
(2)happen常用詞語,指事物或情況偶然或未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生;其后接不定式或用在It happened that...句型中,意為“恰好,碰巧,偶然”。
(3)take place 指發(fā)生了事先或預(yù)想到的事情。
(4)break out指(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等)突然發(fā)生。
①That accident happened/occurred yesterday.
②The meeting took_place at 8∶00 as planned.
③The fire broke_out during the night.
④It occurred to me that I could invite her to dinner.
⑤I happened to meet her on my way home.
即境活用
3.It suddenly________me how we could improve the situation.
A.struck       B.happened
C.occurred D.realized
解析:選A。B項(xiàng)應(yīng)為something happened to sb.;C項(xiàng)應(yīng)為It occurred to me that...;D項(xiàng)應(yīng)為sb. realized。It struck me...“我突然想到……”。
3 cause  vt. 導(dǎo)致;引起
n. 原因,起因;理由;事業(yè);目標(biāo)
(回歸課本P21)Do you know anything about the events?For example,what causes them?
你知道有關(guān)這些事件的情況嗎?比方說,什么引起了它們?
歸納總結(jié)
cause sb. to do sth.引起某人做某事,
cause sb.sth.給某人引來某事,
cause sth./an accident/trouble,etc.引起某事/事故/麻煩等,
cause and effect因果,
the cause of...……的原因;……的事業(yè)
例句探源
①I don’t know the cause and effect about it.
我不知道此事的前因后果。
②Jimmy’s behaviour is causing me a lot of problems.
吉米的所作所為給我?guī)碓S多麻煩。
③What was the cause of the accident?
那場事故的起因是什么?
④Her life was devoted to the cause of justice.
她為正義事業(yè)而獻(xiàn)身。
易混辨析
cause,reason,excuse
(1)cause意為“起因,原因”,指引起某種結(jié)果的必然原因,即主要事實(shí)方面的原因,常和effect連用,表示因果。
(2)reason意為“理由,原因”,指用以解釋某些已發(fā)生的事情的理由或借口,這種理由可能是真正的理由,也可能不是,強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯推理方面的理由。
(3)excuse 指為免受指責(zé)和推卸責(zé)任而找的“理由,原因”,也就是我們常說的“借口”。
①Too much work is no excuse for absence.
②The cause of the fire was carelessness.
③There are many reasons for animals’ dying out.
即境活用
4.According to the recent research,heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect.
A.reason B.impact C.fact D.cause
解析:選D。cause and effect表示“因果”,本句意為“根據(jù)最近的研究,喝濃咖啡與心臟病之間并沒有必然的因果關(guān)系。”
5.We do not yet know the ________of the accident.
A.cause B.reason C.purpose D.excuse
解析:選A。根據(jù)句意“我們還不知道導(dǎo)致這場事故的原因。”可知應(yīng)選A。reason強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事的理由;purpose指“目的”;excuse則表示“借口”都與句意不符。
4 damage  n. 損失;損害,破壞
vt. 使……受損
(回歸課本P29)Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage.
加利福尼亞地震引起的火災(zāi)造成了最嚴(yán)重的損失。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①M(fèi)y mother is right:don’t damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.
我媽媽說得對:不要為了苗條動人的身材毀了自己的健康。
②The fire badly damaged the town hall.
火災(zāi)使市政廳遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。
③The problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the years.
問題很明顯:多年來,人類已對自己的家園造成巨大的損害。
易混辨析
ruin,damage,destroy
三者都含有“破壞;毀壞”的意思。
(1)ruin現(xiàn)在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄壞了”,還可指價值、用途降低或外表損壞等。ruin作名詞時常見于某些短語中:in ruins 成為廢墟,bring sb.to ruin使某人失敗,fall to ruin毀滅。
(2)damage不一定全部破壞,損壞部分還可以修復(fù)。
(3)destroy指徹底毀壞以致不能或很難修復(fù),還指“破壞(,希望)”。
①He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
②The heavy rain damaged many houses.
③That town was destroyed in a big fire.
即境活用
6.The ________to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
A.ruin     B.destruction C.damage D.harm
解析:選C。repair指“修復(fù)”,既然可以修復(fù),說明建筑只是部分被破壞,而非完全被毀,所以用damage。本句意為“暴風(fēng)雨對房子造成的破壞花了好幾天的時間來修復(fù)!
7.“If you go on stealing,you will________your bright future,young man!”said the judge.
A.destroy B.damage C.ruin D.break
解析:選C。destroy和damage表示“破壞;毀壞”講時,常指具體的事物;而ruin既可指具體事物的破壞,也可表示對抽象事物的毀壞,如毀掉“希望;理想;前途;機(jī)會等”。本句意為“那個法官說道:如果你繼續(xù)盜竊的話,你會毀掉你的前途的,年輕人!”
5 possibility  n. 可能,可能性;可能發(fā)生的事;潛能,潛力
(回歸課本P25)When the lava reached the sea,there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
當(dāng)巖漿流到大海里,就有可能引起巨大的潮汐淹沒半個島嶼。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①There’s always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
他回到西雅圖總是可能的。
②Life on other planets is a possibility.
其他行星上有生命是可能的。
③He is a man of possibilities.
他是一個有發(fā)展前途的人。
④Is it possible to predict what will happen in Russia?
有可能預(yù)測俄羅斯將發(fā)生什么事嗎?
即境活用
8.?Is there any possibility ________you could pick me up at the airport?
?No problem.
A.when      B.that C.whether D.what
解析:選B。此處是考查possibility的同位語從句,因從句不缺少成分,故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo),表示“你有沒有可能來機(jī)場接我”,所以選B項(xiàng)。
6 pick up  拾起,拿起;卷起;掀起;搭載;(無意中)學(xué)會;接收(無線電信號);收拾,整理;加(速度);取(物),開車接(人);(健康、生意、社交生活等)恢復(fù),變好,好轉(zhuǎn)
(回歸課本P23)Tornadoes can pick up cars,trains and even houses and put them down in the next street-or even in the next town.
龍卷風(fēng)能把汽車、火車甚至房屋卷起,把它們帶到旁邊的街上??甚至能把它們卷到鄰近的城鎮(zhèn)上。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①It is an offence to pick up or set down a hitchhiker on a motorway.
在高速公路上讓搭便車的人上下車是違反交通規(guī)則的。
②I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
我設(shè)法收聽到一家美國電臺的新聞廣播。
③If you sing it several times,your children will begin to pick up the words.
如果你把它唱上幾遍,你的孩子們就會不知不覺地學(xué)會歌詞。
④The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.
經(jīng)濟(jì)終于又開始有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
⑤The train was gradually picking up speed.
火車逐漸加快了速度。
⑥I picked up the book from the floor.
我從地板上把書拾起來。
即境活用
9.She ________Japanese when she was in Japan.Now she can speak it freely.
A.picked out     B.made out C.made up D.picked up
解析:選D?疾閜ick up表示“學(xué)會”的意思和用法。pick out表示“挑出;區(qū)別出”;make out表示“理解”;make up表示“組成,構(gòu)成”,根據(jù)句意“她在日本時學(xué)會了日語,現(xiàn)在她能講得非常流利!笨芍獞(yīng)選D。
10.This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can________my father.
A.find out B.pick out C.look out D.speak out
解析:選B。考查pick out表示“區(qū)別出,辨別出”的意思。find out表示“查清楚,弄明白”;look out表示“向外看;當(dāng)心”;speak out表示“講出來”。根據(jù)句意“這張照片是很久以前照的,我不知道你是否能認(rèn)出我的父親來!笨芍獞(yīng)選B。
7 end up 以……結(jié)束,以……而告終
(回歸課本P23)The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.
掩埋科格倫的公墓被颶風(fēng)所摧毀,他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①The party ended up with a beautiful song.
晚會以一曲優(yōu)美的歌曲告終。
②Our game always ends up in a quarrel.
我們總是以吵鬧結(jié)束比賽。
③If he carries on driving like that,he’ll end up dead.
他如果繼續(xù)照那樣開車的話,早晚得死于非命。
④He sat there for hours on end.
他連續(xù)幾小時坐在那兒。
⑤We must put an end to this foolish behavior.
我們必須終止這種愚蠢的行為。
即境活用
11.It is possible that one day we will________disability,so we shouldn’t look down upon the disabled.
A.end up with      B.put up with
C.come up with D.catch up with
解析:選A。句意:有可能某一天我們會成為殘疾人,因此我們不應(yīng)該歧視殘疾人。end up with以……結(jié)束,符合題意。put up with忍受,忍耐;come up with提出;catch up with趕上,均不符合題意。
12.(泰安模擬)Each of us has to make ________summary of our performance in the past year since the year has already come to________end.
A.the;an B.a(chǎn);an
C./;the D./;an
解析:選B。make a summary of“總結(jié)”;come to an end“結(jié)束”。
8 take off 去掉,減去;脫下;(飛機(jī))起飛;突然開始成功;休假
(回歸課本P23)They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.
龍卷風(fēng)能把貓背上的毛和雞身上的羽毛吹得干干凈凈。
歸納總結(jié)
例句探源
①She forgot to take off her makeup last night.
她昨天晚上忘了卸妝。
②As the plane was taking off,he remembered he hadn’t turned the light off.
飛機(jī)起飛時,他才想起他沒有關(guān)上燈。
③I’m taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.
我星期四要休假,去買一些圣誕禮物。
④(牛津P2059)The new magazine has really taken off.
這份新雜志真是大受歡迎。
即境活用
13.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、副詞填空
①I’d like to take three days ________next week.
②She took ________what the speaker said in shorthand.
③Henry’s taken________the firm from his father.
④Mary really takes________her mother.
答案:①off ②down、踥ver、躠fter
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.(P23)
它們能毀掉房子,卻把房內(nèi)的家具留在原處。
【句法分析】 該句式意為“使保留,讓/使某人(某物)繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)、某地等”。該句式中l(wèi)eave為及物動詞,意思是“使處于……;聽任……”,賓語后接形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語、名詞或句子等作補(bǔ)足語。
其常見結(jié)構(gòu)歸納如下:
(1)leave+賓語+形容詞/副詞。
(2)leave+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞,其中賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
(3)leave+賓語+過去分詞,其中賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。
(4)leave+賓語+介詞短語/名詞。
(5)leave+賓語+動詞不定式。
(6)leave+賓語+從句。
①Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.
讓門開著你就會呼吸到新鮮的空氣。
②Don’t leave me waiting outside too long.
別讓我在外面等候太久。
③The bad weather left the project half finished.
壞天氣使工程只完成了一半。
④Ted’s parents went abroad and left him in the care of his grandmother.
特德的父母都出國了,他由祖母照料。
⑤His parents both died last year,leaving him an orphan.
他父母去年雙雙去世,留下他成為一個孤兒。
⑥What we’ve done leaves much to be desired.
我們的工作還有很多不足之處。
⑦(朗文P1170)Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
刷牙的時候不要開著水龍頭。
即境活用
14.You’d better not leave the medicine________kids can get at it.
A.even if      B.which C.where D.so that
解析:選C。句意是:你最好別把藥放在孩子能夠找到的地方。leave...where...也是一個常見的句式,意為“把……放在……地方”。
15.?Was the problem solved at the meeting?
?Not yet.I’m afraid it may lead to more serious ones if________unsolved.
A.making B.remained C.left D.taking
解析:選C。句意是:“這個問題在會議上解決了嗎?”“還沒有,如果不解決的話,恐怕會引起更加嚴(yán)重的問題!眑eave與it是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞形式作條件狀語。
2【教材原句】 The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925,affecting three US states...(P23)
有史以來最嚴(yán)重的龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生在1925年,它影響了美國三個州……
【句法分析】 affecting three US states...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。
用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子主語一致,且現(xiàn)在分詞表示的結(jié)果是一種必然的、順理成章的結(jié)果。而不定式則表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。
①European football is played in more than 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.
80多個國家都踢歐式足球,這使它成為世界上最流行的運(yùn)動。
②The fire lasted nearly a month,leaving nothing valuable.
大火持續(xù)了近一個月,幾乎沒剩下什么有用的東西。
③He woke up and looked out of the window, to find the world outside greatly changed.
他醒了,向窗外看了看,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)外面的世界一切都變了。
即境活用
16.(高考江蘇卷)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,________the students to return to their classrooms.
A.enabling   B.having enabled C.to enable D.to have enabled
解析:選A。句意:那位退休的老人把他的大部分積蓄都捐給了玉樹地震中毀壞的學(xué)校,這樣學(xué)生們就能重新回到教室了。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。不定式一般作目的狀語,有時可作結(jié)果狀語,故可排除C、D項(xiàng);B項(xiàng)表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,不合題意,可排除。故答案為A項(xiàng)。
17.(高考上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,________all four people on board.
A.killed B.killing C.kills D.to kill
解析:選B。句意:一架小型飛機(jī)在城市以東五英里的山坡上墜毀,致使機(jī)上四人全部喪命。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語,首先排除C項(xiàng),因?yàn)閗ills不能作狀語;如果選A項(xiàng),應(yīng)在killed前加and;to kill常用作目的狀語,不符合句意,不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語,但表示“意外的結(jié)果”,而本句主句說明飛機(jī)失事,因此后面的結(jié)果并非意外,故排除D項(xiàng);用現(xiàn)在分詞killing作結(jié)果狀語,故選B。
作文指導(dǎo)
倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句
倒裝是一種語法手段,用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種:完全倒裝和部分倒裝。
完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前(是整個謂語動詞,而非助動詞)。
【佳句選粹】
In_came_the_teacher and the class began.
【分析】 句意:老師走了進(jìn)來,然后開始上課。in放于句首,整個句子用了全部倒裝的形式,came放到了the teacher之前。
部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。
【佳句選粹】
Were_she_to_leave right now,she would get there on Sunday.
【分析】 句意:如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到達(dá)那里。此句前半部分省去了If,把were提前。
【佳句選粹】
Not until yesterday did_little_John_change his mind.
【分析】 句意:小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。否定詞放于句首,主句用部分倒裝,did提到了主語little John之前。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式,寫作中常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句,常見的有:
【佳句選粹】
It was on_Monday_night that all this happened.
【分析】 句意:所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:“It is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that(who)+原句其他成分”來強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的意愿,強(qiáng)調(diào)時間“on Monday night”。
【佳句選粹】
①He does know the place well.
他的確很熟悉這個地方。
②Do write to me when you get there.
你到那兒后務(wù)必給我來信。

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