Unit1 名師點津（新人教版必修一）

Ⅰ .單項填空
1．After ________series of unsuccessful attempts，he has finally passed ________driving test .
A．不填；the B．a(chǎn)；the
C．the；a D．不填；a
解析：選B�？疾楣谠~。a series of是固定短語，意為“一系列；一連串”，所以第一空用不定冠詞a；第二空用定冠詞the，特指駕駛考試。句意：經(jīng)過連續(xù)幾次的失敗，他最終通過了駕駛考試。
2．—So you didn’t say hello to her last night?
—Well，I stopped and smiled when I saw her，but she ________me andwalked on .
A．ignored B．refused
C．denied D．missed
解析：選A。考查動詞辨析。ignore不理睬；忽視。句意：“昨晚你沒有向她打招呼？”“唉，我看到她時便停下朝她笑了笑，但她沒有理我，一直往前走了。”refuse“拒絕”；deny“拒絕給予，否認(rèn)”；miss“錯過”。
3．She’s amazingly cheerful considering all she’s had to ________ .
A．get through B．cut through
C．go through D．see through
解析：選C。考查短語辨析。go through經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受。句意：經(jīng)歷了種種磨難，她還那么樂觀，令人驚嘆。get through“完成，通過，(給……)接通電話”；cut through“穿過，穿透”；see through“看穿，把……進行到底”。
4．—You look unhappy .Why?
—I’m always ________when I don’t get any mail .
A．confused B．fearful
C．upset D．doubtful
解析：選C。考查形容詞辨析。upset此處用作形容詞，意為“心煩意亂的”。答語意為：我接不到任何郵時總是心煩意亂。confused“困惑的”；fearful“害怕的，可怕的”；doubtful“懷疑的，不肯定的”。
5．The doctor told Jack’s mother that it would not take him long to ________from his illness .
A．suffer B．separate
C．escape D．recover
解析：選D�？疾閯釉~辨析。recover“痊愈，恢復(fù)”，常和from連用。句意：醫(yī)生告訴Jack的媽媽不用多久他就會痊愈的。suffer from“遭受(痛苦、疾病、損失等)”；separate from“分離，分開”；escape from“從……中逃脫”。
6．—y sister is very upset today .
—It’s your fault .You ________the bad news to her yesterday .
A．should tell B．should have told
C．shouldn’t have told D．must tell
解析：選C。你昨天本不應(yīng)該把壞消息告訴她。
7．There was ________time ________Iraq was one of the strongest countries in the world .
A．a(chǎn)；when B．a(chǎn)；that
C．the；that D．the；when
解析：選A。本題考查定語從句。a time指“一段時期”，是先行詞，關(guān)系副詞用when。
8．—Tom said that r .Johnson was unfair to him .
—I really wonder how he ________that to the teacher .
A．dare to say B．dare saying
C．not dare say D．dared say
解析：選D。dare是情態(tài)動詞，它的過去式是dared，后接動詞原形。dare作行為動詞時，要用dare to do sth .，行為動詞有數(shù)的變化，這句話的主語是he，其謂語的正確形式應(yīng)該是dared to say。
9．The old lady lives in a ________village far away from the city .She lives ________but she doesn’t feel ________ .
A．lonely；lonely；alone B．a(chǎn)lone；alone；lonely
C．lonely；alone；lonely D．a(chǎn)lone；lonely；alone
解析：選C。選項中前一個lonely意為“偏遠的”；后一個lonely意為“寂寞的”，指心理狀態(tài)。而alone指客觀上“獨自一個”，此處為副詞。
10．It was after he got what he had wanted ________he realized it was not so important .
A．that B．when
C．since D．a(chǎn)s
解析：選A。該句為強調(diào)句，強調(diào)了句子的時間狀語after he got what he had wanted，強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是It is/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子的其余成分。
Ⅱ .閱讀理解
A
(2010年江蘇啟東市一調(diào))Not long ago，people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old .Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life .
Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment .They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes .A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers .This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings .
One study shows that babies can learn before they are born .The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman .Then，they played a recording of a short story .On the day the baby was born，the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother .They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby .
The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way .If the baby moved his mouth the other way，he would hear a different story .The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he had heard before he was born .They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again .
Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children .
Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years .The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers .The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily .They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old .Also，the researchers observed the women for signs of depression .
The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression .The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they heard .
These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people .The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children .Children did better when their mothers were caring，even when they suffered from depression .
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本主要講述了嬰幼兒的智力發(fā)育情況，通過兩個實驗表明：嬰兒在生命的第一天就可以開始學(xué)習(xí)，母親的情感能強烈地影響孩子的社會發(fā)展和語言技巧。
1．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT the factor that influences the intelligence development in babies?
A．The environment .　　　　　B．other’s sensitivity .
C．Their peers(同齡人) . D．Education before birth .
解析：選C。歸納總結(jié)題。影響嬰幼兒智力發(fā)育的因素有：the environment，mother’s sensitivity，education before birth三個方面。只有C項原沒有提到。
2．What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?
A．To prove that babies can learn before they are born .
B．To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born .
C．To show mothers can strongly influence the intelligence development in their babies .
D．To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies’ language skills .
解析：選A。細節(jié)推斷題。從中第三段第一句話“One study shows that babies can learn before they are born .”可知答案。
3．Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?
A．The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children .
B．The children of women who did not suffer from depression .
C．The children of depressed but caring mothers .
D．Children with high communication abilities .
解析：選A。推理判斷題。從的最后兩段可以看出，如果母親意志消沉，對自己的孩子關(guān)心甚少，那么孩子在智力和語言方面的發(fā)育就會比其他孩子差。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth .
B．Scientific findings about how the environment has an effect on babies’intelligence .
C．A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are born or six months old .
D．Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies .
解析：選D。主旨大意題。本通過兩個實驗說明嬰幼兒的智力發(fā)育情況。

B
(2010年東兗州市模塊檢測)You wake up in the morning，the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time .Then the telephone rings，you say hello，and the drama starts .The person on the other end has a depressing(令人沮喪的)tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to .Are you still in a wonderful mood？Impossible!
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness .It may not change what you think，but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time .
Life brings ups and downs，but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer .They only feel glad when they make others feel bad .No wonder they can hardly win others’pity or respect .
When you communicate with positive people，your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted .When the dagger(匕首)of a negative person is put in you，you have the heavy feeling that all in all，brings you down .
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people .This could be a co­worker，or a relative .In this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible .Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person，but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they won’t feel ashamed of themselves about that .
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized .The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to (附著)you throughout the rest of your day，which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness .Life is too short to feel negative .Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible .
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本主要介紹了與心態(tài)積極和消極的兩種人交流給我們的心情和生活帶的不同影響。最后告訴我們：生命是短暫的，我們要以一種積極的心態(tài)面對人生。
5 .The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________ .
A．make a comparison B．offer an evidence
C．introduce a topic D．describe a daily scene
解析：選C。寫作意圖題。第一段主要講的是一個人早晨起心情不錯，認(rèn)為美好的一天即將開始，可是接到了一個電話，對方心情很沮喪，和他交流之后，本美好的心情蕩然無存。作者由此引入本的主題。

6．How can negative people have effect on us?
A．By influencing our emotion .
B．By telling us the nature of life .
C．By changing our way of thinking .
D．By comparing their attitude to life with ours .
解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。從第二段的首句以及“communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time”可知答案。
7．Some negative people base their happiness on ________ .
A．other people’s pity for them
B．making other people unhappy
C．building up a positive attitude
D．other people’s respect for them
解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。從第三段的第二句可知答案。
8．According to the passage，to reduce negative people’s influence on us，we are advised ________ .
A．to change negative people’s attitude to life
B．to show our dissatisfaction to negative people
C．to make negative people feel ashamed of themselves
D．to communicate with negative people as little as possible
解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段中的“In this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible .”可知答案。
Ⅲ .任務(wù)型讀寫
Going up to university to study for a degree means you have decided to study professionally，rather than as an amateur；so being a student is now your profession for at least the next four years .This
involves a change of attitude in many ways .Now，instead of taking several subjects，you have chosen one major subject because you find it interesting and worth exploring further .You also have the goal of getting a degree .The degree and the stages you have to pass through to achieve it give you motivation .You are no longer forced to stay in school all day，and apart from your class time，you organize your own time and place for studying .
Another change is in the relationship with those who teach you .You are there to study actively rather than to be taught passively .Your teachers may or may not urge you，but they do want you to share their interest in the subject and they want you to succeed .If you get work back with a poorer mark than you expected and with various criticisms，don’t feel discouraged by this；if you don’t understand what is wrong and how to improve，ask your teacher to explain and don’t be satisfied until you do understand .
Professionalism involves training and practicing .Some activities，like reading，note­taking，speaking and discussing are basic to studying .ake sure you can do these effectively .You have to use time well，and practice to improve your skills .
Effective reading is part of your training .Since it is a learned skill we can change the way we did since in primary school and relearn it .Learn how to read fast—how to read with your eyes rather than your throat，how to ignore words like“of”and“the”，and how to keep what you read .
You take notes in class for yourself，not for anyone else，so make your notes easy to read，economical and pleasing to the eyes .Vary the arrangement on the page to suit the material(diagrams，columns，underlining)，use colored pens for different topics to catch the eyes and make things stand out .Work out your own shorthand speedwriting .
Group discussions give you a chance to train your ability to express yourself .Don’t be the non­speaking member of the group .Take an active part in the discussion .In the future you are almost certainly going to have to be good at speaking，so get into the way of talking about your subject now .This is actually more fun than sitting being silently uncomfortable .Nobody will think what you say is foolish .Everyone will be thankful not to face embarrassed silence .
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本主要從程的選擇、學(xué)習(xí)的自主性以及一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧的對比介紹大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)特點。

1．解析：參照的標(biāo)題“On(論)being a university student”，所以本的主題(Theme/Outline)是大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的特點。
答案：Theme/Outline
2．解析：參照第二段中“You also have the goal of getting a degree”可知。
答案：degree
3．解析：參照對比的內(nèi)容和圖表格式可知。
答案：differences
4．解析：參照第二段中“You are no longer forced to stay in school all day”可知。
答案：forced
5 .解析：參照第二段中“you organize your own time and place for studying”可知。
答案：whenever
6．解析：參照第五段中“how to read with your eyes rather than your throat”可知。
答案：silently
7．解析：參照第五段中“how to ignore words like”可知。
答案：Avoid
8．解析：參照第四段中“l(fā)ike reading，note­taking，speaking and discussing”可知。
答案：Note­taking
9．解析：參照第六段中“use colored pens for different topics”可知。
答案：colors
10．解析：參照第七段中“Take an active part in the discussion”可知。
答案：actively

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