編者按：復(fù)合形容詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞均源于定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。
復(fù)合形容詞
1. 含有分詞的復(fù)合形容詞
復(fù)合形容詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞均源于定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。
例如：
●Australia is a country which speaks English. (country 由定語從句修飾)
澳大利亞是一個(gè)講英語的國(guó)家。
Australia is a country speaking English. (country 由現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾)
Australia is an English-speaking country. (country 由復(fù)合形容詞修飾)
以上三個(gè)句子中，我們分別用了三種不同的方法修飾country，三種不同的修飾語與country的邏輯關(guān)系都是country speaks English，因?yàn)閏ountry是動(dòng)作speak的發(fā)出者，按照修飾動(dòng)作發(fā)出者用現(xiàn)在分詞的原則，合成詞應(yīng)該使用English-speaking。然而短語spoken English (英語口語)是不同的，這個(gè)短語中被修飾詞English是動(dòng)作speak的承受者，因此，用過去分詞spoken, 以上兩種不同的邏輯關(guān)系必須分清。
我們?cè)賮砜磶讉�(gè)例子：
●earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth
翻天覆地的變化(changes 是動(dòng)作shake的發(fā)出者)
UN peacekeeping forces=forces which keep peace
聯(lián)合國(guó)維和部隊(duì)(forces 是動(dòng)作keep的發(fā)出者)
record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破記錄的毀壞
peace-loving people= people who love peace愛好和平的
epoch-making decision=decision which makes epoch開新紀(jì)元的/劃時(shí)代的決策
fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜語
soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔軟的面料
good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 儀表堂堂的男士
hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦讀書的學(xué)生
far-reaching influence=influence which reaches far廣泛深遠(yuǎn)的影響
easygoing person=person who goes easy 隨和容易相處的人
well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子
state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state國(guó)有企業(yè)
hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品
heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感謝
fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)
highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家
newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 剛剛抵達(dá)的參觀者
well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大學(xué)
ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的， 現(xiàn)成的衣服
self-employed person=person who is employed by oneself非受雇于人的，從事個(gè)體職業(yè)的人
snow-covered fields=feilds which are covered by snow白雪覆蓋的田野
newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飛機(jī)場(chǎng)
從以上例子可以看出，要了解和掌握含有分詞的復(fù)合形容詞，首先必須了解正確使用及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的關(guān)鍵：
① 準(zhǔn)確了解及物動(dòng)詞的分詞與所修飾的名詞關(guān)系，修飾動(dòng)作發(fā)出者用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，修飾動(dòng)作承受者用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。
② 準(zhǔn)確了解不及物動(dòng)詞的所用時(shí)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)含義或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用過去分詞表示動(dòng)作業(yè)已完成。
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