編者按：復合形容詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞均源于定語從句中的謂語動詞。

復合形容詞

1. 含有分詞的復合形容詞

復合形容詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞均源于定語從句中的謂語動詞。

例如：

●Australia is a country which speaks English. (country 由定語從句修飾)

澳大利亞是一個講英語的國家。

Australia is a country speaking English. (country 由現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾)

Australia is an English-speaking country. (country 由復合形容詞修飾)

以上三個句子中，我們分別用了三種不同的方法修飾country，三種不同的修飾語與country的邏輯關系都是country speaks English，因為country是動作speak的發(fā)出者，按照修飾動作發(fā)出者用現(xiàn)在分詞的原則，合成詞應該使用English-speaking。然而短語spoken English (英語口語)是不同的，這個短語中被修飾詞English是動作speak的承受者，因此，用過去分詞spoken, 以上兩種不同的邏輯關系必須分清。

我們再來看幾個例子：

●earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth

翻天覆地的變化(changes 是動作shake的發(fā)出者)

UN peacekeeping forces=forces which keep peace

聯(lián)合國維和部隊(forces 是動作keep的發(fā)出者)

record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破記錄的毀壞

peace-loving people= people who love peace愛好和平的

epoch-making decision=decision which makes epoch開新紀元的/劃時代的決策

fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜語

soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔軟的面料

good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 儀表堂堂的男士

hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦讀書的學生

far-reaching influence=influence which reaches far廣泛深遠的影響

easygoing person=person who goes easy 隨和容易相處的人

well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子

state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state國有企業(yè)

hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品

heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感謝

fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)

highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度發(fā)達的國家

newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 剛剛抵達的參觀者

well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大學

ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的， 現(xiàn)成的衣服

self-employed person=person who is employed by oneself非受雇于人的，從事個體職業(yè)的人

snow-covered fields=feilds which are covered by snow白雪覆蓋的田野

newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飛機場

從以上例子可以看出，要了解和掌握含有分詞的復合形容詞，首先必須了解正確使用及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的關鍵：

① 準確了解及物動詞的分詞與所修飾的名詞關系，修飾動作發(fā)出者用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，修飾動作承受者用過去分詞表示被動。

② 準確了解不及物動詞的所用時態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動含義或動作正在進行，用過去分詞表示動作業(yè)已完成。

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