教學(xué)目標(biāo)
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要求
通過(guò)本單元教學(xué)，應(yīng)能熟練地運(yùn)用表示“提供和拒絕幫助”的常用語(yǔ);句子的成分——主語(yǔ);了解紐約的發(fā)展和土著人被壓迫的。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
1.重點(diǎn)詞匯
1. a handful of 2. tear down 3. turn away 4. now that引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句 5. take possession of 6. have an effect on 7. make agreements with 8. become know as… 9. deal with 10. in turn 11. in the rush
2.重點(diǎn)句型
1)Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal.
2)This is because the surface of the earth is not flat but round.
3)Now that they could ride horses, it became easier to hunt the bison.
4)This in return had an effect on the food supply for wolves.
3. 復(fù)習(xí)和歸納句子的成分——主語(yǔ)
1)The first settlers on the plains were farmers.
2)The killing of the bison changed the whole wild life of the plains.
3)Whether he will come or not is unknown.
4)To see is to believe.
5)The learned should be respected.
教學(xué)建議
教學(xué)教法：
進(jìn)入高三下學(xué)期的，基本進(jìn)入了全面?zhèn)淇紶顟B(tài)。北京特級(jí)張鐵城有如下建議：
1. 對(duì)近年題精耕細(xì)作，反對(duì)盲目的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
2. 不要單純背詞匯表，要把詞匯與語(yǔ)法結(jié)合起來(lái)，要在具體語(yǔ)篇中詞匯。
3. 要多讀多題材的閱讀文，特別是現(xiàn)代生活中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。
4. 要增加聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的力度，充分利用高三課本資源。
詞語(yǔ)辨析：
1.By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125 000, making it the largest city in the USA.
making it the largest city in the USA是分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞make 意為“使成為”，接名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
Her husband died in the war, making her a widow with three children
2.In 1858 an area of poor housing, factories and farm buildings was torn down and Central Park was created, reaching from 59th Street to 110th Street and across three avenues.
1)tear(tore，tom)是動(dòng)詞，意為“撕開(kāi)，扯掉”。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 tear down，意為“撕下，拆毀”。如：
tear down a notice 撕下一張通知
tear down a dangerous wall 拆毀一道危墻
2)reach作“延伸”解。reaching from 59th Street. . . and across three avenues是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾Central Park，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
①現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
Anyone swimming will be punished.
The road joining the two villages is very wide.連接這兩個(gè)村子的路非常寬。
③現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作后置定語(yǔ)(既表示被動(dòng)，也表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
The question being discussed is very important.
Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?
3.In 1892 the age of mass arrival began, during which 15 million new people passed through Ellis into the USA. over a period of 62 years.
1)mass是名詞，意為“大量，大批”，mass arrival是名詞修飾名詞，mass作定語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中名詞修飾名詞是常有的現(xiàn)象。如：
head teacher express train快車(chē)
news broadcast 廣播 welcome speech 歡迎詞
time table時(shí)間表 orange juice 橘子汁
press conference 記者招待會(huì) research project研究計(jì)劃
power plant電廠(chǎng) weather forecast天氣預(yù)報(bào)
2)pass through為固定短語(yǔ)，含義為“穿過(guò)，通過(guò)，路過(guò)”，其中 through既可當(dāng)介詞用，也可當(dāng)副詞用。如：
He passed through unspeakable difficulties.
We're just passing through on our way to Shanghai
4.now that，due to，because of，owing to，since，as
1)now that.作“既然”時(shí)相當(dāng)于since.突出事實(shí)性，而as作“既然”語(yǔ)氣較弱。有時(shí)now that中的that可省去。如：
Now(that)you are well again，you can travel.你既然恢復(fù)了，就能夠旅行了。
2)due to作“由于，因?yàn)�，�?yīng)歸功于”時(shí)常作表語(yǔ)或跟在名詞后。如：
The flight was cancelled due to the storm.班機(jī)因暴風(fēng)雨停航了。
3)because of“由于，因?yàn)?rdquo;只能引導(dǎo)副詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：
Lincoln is admired because of his leadership.林肯由于出色的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而受到人們的贊賞。
4)owing to“由于，因?yàn)?rdquo;常在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中與 because of，due to換用。如：
Owing to unfavourable weather，I was unable to carry on with it.由于天氣不好。我不能把它進(jìn)行下去。
Lesson 49教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案(一)
StepI:Reading comprehension:
I) Fast Reading: Search for answers within 2 minutes.
1. Why Ellis Island became known as the “Island of Tears”?
2.Why New York is safe to build very tall buildings.
II)Reading comprehension:Finish Exs1 of page193.
III)Use a word to summarize each paragraph.
Paragraph1: location
Paragraph2: parks
Paragraph3: Island of Tears
Paragraph4: buildings
Paragraph5: New York never sleep
StepII.Listening practice.(Close their books.listen each paragraph and answer questions
附：作為高考聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。為教師提供了全部?jī)?nèi)容，教師可酌情選用)
Paragraph1:
1.Who and when were the islands discovered?(1524, an Italian explorer)
2.How much did the island of Manhattan cost when it was bought from local Indians?
(a handful of goods.)
Paragraph2:
1. When did New York became the largest city in the USA?(1820)
2.What did Central Park include?(space for summer picnic,open air concerts,plays and games;
a zoo, an art museum, a boating lake ,a small lake…)
Paragraph3:
1.What began in 1892?
2.What kind of museum is Ellis Island today?
3.How many people were turned away?
4.What kind of tests did the people have to pass through?
Paragraph4:
1.Which tall building was completed in 1931?
2.How many storeys did the World Trade Center have?
Paragraph5:
1.Why can we say “New York never sleeps”?
2.Why did some people dislike the city?
StepIII.Language points:(使學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中體會(huì)詞匯的意義及用法。并可提高上課)
I) Read the passage in details and pay enough attention to the Language.
II) Close their books and fill in the blanks.
Paragraph1:
In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians, Native Americans, for a handful of goods worth about $24. Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal.
Paragrph2:
In 1858 an area of poor housing, factories and farm buildings was torn down and Central Park was created, reaching from 59th Street to 110th Street.
Paragraph3:
In 1892 the age of mass arrivals began, during which 15 million new people passed through Ellis Island into the USA over a period of 62 years.Today Ellis Island is a museum, showing the roots of America’s new citizens, who came from all the corners of the earth.
Paragraph4:
The twin towers are 110 storeys high, but high-speed lifts controlled by computer take only a minute to reach the top.
But unfortunately the twin towers were destroyed by terrorist attacks on Septimber 11th,2001.
Paragrah5:
New York never sleeps. The underground railway runs 24 hours a day, and there are all-night cinemas,bars and restaurants. Some people think that the weather is unpleasant,the city ugly and dirty, the competition fierce and the streets unsafe.It is a city in a hurrry, but a very exciting place to be.
B.Language points:
1.It is a city in a hurrry, but a very exciting place to be
現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞在意義上不同。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義。
試比較：
1)an exciting game:一場(chǎng)激動(dòng)人心的球賽(球賽使人激動(dòng))
excited spectators 激動(dòng)的觀眾。(觀眾被激動(dòng))
2)a moving film:一個(gè)動(dòng)人的影片(影片使人感動(dòng))
a moved audience.一常被感動(dòng)了的觀眾。(觀眾被感動(dòng))
2.the competition fierce and the streets unsafe.
1) violent and angry: fierce dog,winds,attacks
have a fierce look.
2)intense: fierce concentration
3)unpleasantly or uncontrolled strong: fierce heat.
His plan met with fierce opposition.
3. In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians, Native Americans, for a handful of goods worth about $24. Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal.
A.worth:adj 形容詞 be worth:動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中必須要有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，be worth做動(dòng)詞時(shí)不能漏掉be. 而worth做形容詞修飾名詞的用法，老師們要提起注意，也許會(huì)成為高考的考點(diǎn)。
I paid only $4000 for this used car but it’s worth a lot more.
B.deal: n.名詞agreement,esp in business. 協(xié)議，交易。
They both wanted to use the car, so they did a deal.(=reach a compromise)
It’s a deal.(=I agree to your terms.我同意你的條件)
StepIV.Writing a composition:
The fierce wars between the new settlers and the local Indians broke out.Settlers made agreements with Native Americans chiefs but always broke them afterwards.At last, they came to a deal: The Native Americans were forced onto the poor land that the settlers did not want.
Passage 2:
To our surprise,the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians for a handful of goods worth about $24. Even today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal.In 1858 an area of poor housing was torn down and Central Park was created.
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