高考中的單項(xiàng)選擇題雖然只有15道,但考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)卻幾乎涉及到中學(xué)所學(xué)的所有語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,包括冠詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞、連詞、各類從句、倒裝、it的用法等,此外,還有交際口語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)雖然廣泛,但卻以動(dòng)詞為重點(diǎn)。從歷屆全國(guó)高考及各省的高考題來(lái)看,動(dòng)詞少則5道(占單選總量的33.3%),多則8道(占單選題總量的53.3%)。動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)包括時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞辨析、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等,這些都是我們高考復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。就各個(gè)考點(diǎn)而言,也有存一定規(guī)律,現(xiàn)分述如下:
1. 冠詞命題規(guī)律:
(1)不定冠詞表示泛指;
(2)定冠詞表示特指;
(3)不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。
2. 代詞命題規(guī)律:
(1)不定代詞all, any, none, both, either, neither; other, another; some, any; little, few; something, anything, nothing, somebody/one, anybody/one, nobody, no one等;
(2)替代詞it, one, that, those;
(3)在簡(jiǎn)略回答中用人稱代詞的賓語(yǔ);(4)疑問(wèn)代詞用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 名詞命題規(guī)律:
(1)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的判斷與轉(zhuǎn)化;
(2)名詞的所有格;
(3)語(yǔ)境中對(duì)名詞的選擇。
4. 形容詞和副詞的命題規(guī)律:
(1)語(yǔ)境中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞;
(2)多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)的排序;
(3)比較等級(jí)及其修飾語(yǔ);
(4)ed形容詞和ing形容詞的區(qū)別;
(5)與形容詞同形的副詞與ly副詞的區(qū)別。
5. 介詞命題規(guī)律:
(1)常用介詞的用法,如as, by, of, with, over, on, towards, beyond, through等;
(2)常用的短語(yǔ)介詞,如instead of, in search of, in case of, in fear of, because of, as a result of等;
(3)由介詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)語(yǔ),如in a word, in another word, in fact, in all, above all, after all, at all, at last, as a result等。
6. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的命題規(guī)律:
(1)三個(gè)一般:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去式、一般將來(lái)時(shí);
(2)三個(gè)現(xiàn)在:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);
(3)三個(gè)過(guò)去:過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
命題形式也有3條規(guī)律:
(1)通常有一個(gè)可參照的時(shí)間信息詞;
(2)固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。如:祈使句+and / or+陳述句(用一般將來(lái)時(shí));過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when+一般過(guò)去時(shí);
(3)常以對(duì)話的形式出現(xiàn)。
7. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的命題規(guī)律:
(1)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;
(2)作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;
(3)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;
(4)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;
(5)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、完成式、被動(dòng)式及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
8. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的命題規(guī)律:
(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本意義和用法,特別是can, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t, shall, should, used to, had better, would rather等;
(2) 表示推測(cè)的用法;
(3) 表示后悔或輕微責(zé)備的用法。
9. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的命題規(guī)律:
(1) take, get, make, put, look, turn, break, go, fall, hold, keep, work, carry, give, cut, set, fall等動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞;
(2)動(dòng)詞+out / in / up / down / on / off / to / away / over / back等;
(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞,如keep up with, put up with, come up with, hold on to, go together with, get along / on with, go in for, break away from, get out of, get down to等。
值得注意的是:
(1)考查的詞義在教材中可能沒(méi)出現(xiàn)。如:work out作“結(jié)果”解,break down作“失敗”解在教材中就沒(méi)有;
(2)考查的短語(yǔ)在大綱中可能沒(méi)列出。
10. 動(dòng)詞辨析的命題規(guī)律:
(1)語(yǔ)境中選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。如:do(行、替代動(dòng)詞), act(起作用), , leave(留下), sense(感覺(jué)到), run(褪色), cover(采訪), promise(有…的希望), follow / catch(明白), matter(要緊), attempt(企圖)等;
(2)詞義和用法容易混淆的動(dòng)詞。如:turn, become, get, go, grow(變化);suit, fit, meet, satisfy, do(適合);supply, offer, provide(提供);want, wish, hope, expect (希望、料想、祝愿);spend, take, cost, pay(花費(fèi));see, watch, notice, observe, glance, stare(看);say, speak, tell, talk(說(shuō));receive, accept(收到、接受);last, continue, keep(持續(xù)); seat, sit(坐); rise, raise(升高); celebrate, congratulate (慶祝、祝賀); manage, try(努力); persuade, advise, suggest(勸); beat, hit, strike, knock(打); raise, grow, feed (養(yǎng)、植); seat, hold, admit(容納); bear, stand, take(承受、忍受); start, begin(開(kāi)始); separate, divide(分開(kāi))等;
(3)拼寫易混的詞。如:spare, share; lie, lay, find, found;
(4)動(dòng)詞與名詞等的習(xí)慣搭配。如:answer the phone / door; kill the time, read sb. mind / thought, make it(成功), make it 8 (定于8點(diǎn));
(5)判斷動(dòng)詞后能否接又賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaozhong/238931.html
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