并列連詞的概念：

連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both...and, notonly...butalso, either...or, neither...nor, (and)then 等等。

并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)：

并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。
1）and與or：
判斷改錯(cuò)：
(錯(cuò)) They sat down and talk about something.
(錯(cuò)) They started to dance and sang.
(錯(cuò)) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(對(duì)) They sat down and talked about something.
(對(duì)) They started to dance and sing.
(對(duì)) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：第一句：and連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，所以talk應(yīng)改為talked。
第二句：and連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to，因此sang應(yīng)改為sing。
第三句：and連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。
注意：and還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法）
如：Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.=If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.=If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2）both...and 兩者都
如：She plays(both) the piano and the guitar.
3）not only...but(also), as well as 不但…而且
如：She plays not only the piano, but(also) the guitar.
注意：not only…but also關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not而必須倒裝。
如：Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4）neither...nor 意思為“既不……也不……”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。
如：Neither you nor he is to blame.

比較so和such ：

so與such的用法由不同詞性決定。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much，little連用，形成固定搭配。
構(gòu)成：so+adj.
such+a(n)+n.
so+adj.+a(n)+n.
such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.(pl.)
such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.[不可數(shù)]
such+n.[不可數(shù)]
如：so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower
so many/few flowers
such nice flowers
so much/ little money.
such rapid progress
so many people
such a lot of people
注：so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于many，但a lot of為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。 so...that與such...that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

并列連詞用法點(diǎn)撥：

1、表示并列關(guān)系：
1）or意思為“否則”。
如：I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2）either...or意思為“或者……或者……”。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。
如：Either you or I am right.
2、表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系：
1）but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，while表示對(duì)比。
如：Some people love cats, while others hate them.
典型例題：
?Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
?I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
答案：D。but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)意。而表并列的and，結(jié)果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2）not...but...意思為“不是……而是……” not和but后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。
如：They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones) of a human being.
3、表示原因關(guān)系：
1）for 判斷改錯(cuò)：
（錯(cuò)）For he is ill, he is absent today.
（對(duì)）He is absent today, for he is ill. for是并列連詞，不能置于含兩個(gè)并列分句的句子的句首，只能將其放在兩個(gè)分句中間。

并列連詞知識(shí)體系：

種類	用法	舉例
并列連詞	表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系	yet, but等
	表示并列關(guān)系	and, or, either...or..., as welll as等
	表示因果關(guān)系	for, so等

比較and和or的用法：

1）并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2）但有時(shí)and也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：
如：There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。

典型例題：
?I don't like chicken___fish.
?I don't like chicken, ___I like fish very much.
A. and；and
B. and；but
C. or；but
D. or；and
答案：C。否定句中表并列用or,but表轉(zhuǎn)折。
判斷改錯(cuò)：
（錯(cuò)）We will die without air and water.
（錯(cuò)）We can't live without air or water.
（對(duì)）We will die without air or water.
（對(duì)）We can't live without air and water.

相關(guān)高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：從屬連詞

從屬連詞的概念：

連詞用于引導(dǎo)從句以形成句子的一部分或修飾句子的構(gòu)成要素的叫作從屬連詞。

英語(yǔ)從屬連詞用法分類詳解：

1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
（1）表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的when, while, as, whenever：
如：He jumped up when the phone rang. 電話鈴響時(shí)他嚇了一跳。
We listened while the teacher read. 老師朗讀時(shí)我們聽著。
The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要離開，電話鈴就響了起來。
（2）表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before, after：
如：Turn the lights off before you leave. 離開前請(qǐng)關(guān)燈。
He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就開始做這份工作。
（3）表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since, until, till：
如：He has lived here since he got married. 他結(jié)婚后就一直住在這兒。
Most men worked until[till] they're 65. 大多數(shù)男人工作到65歲。
（4）表示“一…就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等：
如：Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一見到他就把這消息告訴他。
I recognized her the moment(that) I saw her. 我一看到她就認(rèn)出她來了。
I want to see him the minute(that) he arrives. 他一到來我就要見他。
I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。
Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。
（5）表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時(shí))，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)：
如：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我見到他的時(shí)候，他好像有病。
Next time you're in London come and visit us. 你下次來倫敦過來探望我們。
Do look me up next time you're in London. 你下次到倫敦來，一定來找我。
Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去訪問他，他都不在。
You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。
【注】every time,each time,any time前不用冠詞，(the)next time, (the)last time中的冠詞可以省略，而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。
2、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
這類連詞主要有if, unless, as[so] long as, incase等：
如：If anyone calls tell them I'm not at home. 要是有人打電話來，就說我不在家。
You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就會(huì)失敗。
As[So] long as you need me, I'll stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆?
【注】在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。不過，有時(shí)表示條件的if之后可能用will，但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請(qǐng)求(will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)：
如：If you will wait a moment, I'll fetch the money. 請(qǐng)等一下，我就去拿錢。
3、引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等：
如：We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我們使用計(jì)算機(jī)是為了節(jié)約時(shí)間。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 說清楚，以便讓他們能明白你的意思。
Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安靜些，免得把嬰兒吵醒。
He is working hard for fear he should fail. 他努力工作以免會(huì)失敗。
4、引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等：
如：We're all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我們現(xiàn)在都到齊了，終于能開會(huì)了。
It's so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一個(gè)很難的問題，我們沒有一個(gè)人能回答。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗戶用力很大，結(jié)果玻璃震破了。
【注】so that中的that在口語(yǔ)中通常可以省略。
5、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要的有because, as, since, seeing(that), now(that), considering(that)等：
如：He couldn't got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上學(xué)。
Since everybody is here, let's begin our discussion. 大家都到了，我們就開始吧。
Seeing that it is 8o'clock, we'll wait no longer. 由于時(shí)間已到8點(diǎn)，我們將不再等了。
Now that you are here, you'd better stay. 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧。
6、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要有although, though, eventhough, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等：
如：Although[Though] he is poor, he is well contented. 他雖窮卻能知足常樂。
Though[Even though] it's hard work, I enjoy it. 盡管是苦活，但我樂意干。
Even if you don't like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜歡喝酒，也嘗嘗這杯吧。
7、引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等：
如：Do it as[like] he does. 像他那樣做。
He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他裝作若無其事的樣子。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他們待我如陌生人。
Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do.沒有人像我這樣愛你。
8、引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要有where, wherever, everywhere等：
如：There were lots of parks where I lived. 我住的地方有許多公園。
Sit wherever you like. 你想坐在那兒就坐在那兒。
Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他們每到一個(gè)地方都受到熱烈歡迎。
9、引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞：
主要有than和as…as：
如：It's easier than I thought. 這比我想像的要容易。
They are as often wrong as they are right. 他們錯(cuò)對(duì)各半。
10、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞：
主要有that, if, whether：
如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺點(diǎn)是粗心大意。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。
She didn't say if he was still alive. 她沒說他是否還活著。

從屬連詞知識(shí)體系：

用作從屬連詞的六類名詞結(jié)構(gòu)：

英語(yǔ)中有些名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可用作從屬連詞，用以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，且主要是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這類結(jié)構(gòu)歸納起來有以下六類：
一、the+瞬間名詞：
其中的瞬間名詞主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等，其意為“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于as soon as。
如：The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他對(duì)她一見傾心。
Telephone me the moment(that) you get the results. 你一有結(jié)果，馬上給我打電話。
I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡著了。
Sheputdownthereceiverthesecondsherecognizedmyvoice.她一聽出是我的聲音，馬上就放下電話聽筒。
注：其中的瞬間名詞后可接that，也可省略。另外，有的個(gè)別副詞（如directly/immediately等）也可表示類似意思。
如： Immediately the meal was over,he switchedon the radio.飯一吃完他就把收音機(jī)打開。

二、the+季節(jié)名詞：
其中的季節(jié)名詞包括spring,summer,autumn,winter，其意為“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。
如：His wife left him thes pring he went abroad.在他出國(guó)的那年春天，他的妻子離開了他。
He sold his house and went to the souththe summer he lost hisjob.在他失業(yè)的那年夏天，他賣掉房子去了南方。
He was sentto prison the winter his third daughter was born.在他第三個(gè)女兒出生的那年冬天，他被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。
She got married the autumn she graduated from college.她大學(xué)畢業(yè)的那年秋天就結(jié)婚了。

三、the+時(shí)間名詞：
其中的時(shí)間名詞主要包括hour,day,night,week,month,season,year等，其意為“在……的時(shí)候、那天、那個(gè)晚上、那周、那個(gè)月、那個(gè)季節(jié)、那年”。
如： The hour he wa sin her office,he felt very sad.當(dāng)他在她辦公室的時(shí)候，他感到很傷心。
The day here turned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天，他的父親已經(jīng)死了。
The night I wenttoseeher,shehadleftforBeijingtoattendanimportantmeeting.就我去看她的那個(gè)晚上，她到北京去開一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議了。
Mr Smith didn't go to work the week his wife was ill.史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那個(gè)星期沒去上班。
They ear helivedinthecountry,he learned alot.他在鄉(xiāng)下呆的那一年，他學(xué)到了不少東西。

四、the+序數(shù)詞+time
其中的序數(shù)詞包括first,second,third,fourth等，其意為“當(dāng)?shù)趲状巍�…的時(shí)候”。
如： My girlfriend beat me at pokert he first time weplayed.我頭一次和女朋友打撲克，她就把我贏了。
These cond time I saw her,she looked like an old woman.我第二次見到她時(shí)，她看上去像一個(gè)老太婆。
The third time I went there,I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty.我第三次去那兒時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都離開了，所有的辦公室都是空的。
注：
1.next,last也具有類似序數(shù)詞的性質(zhì)，因此也具有以上用法。
如： Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你進(jìn)來，請(qǐng)關(guān)門。
Thelasttimewetalkedhesaidheneededanothertwodays.上次我們談話時(shí)他說他還需要兩天。
2.thefirsttime,thesecondtime,thethirdtime等用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其前通常要有定冠詞，而(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中的冠詞可以省略，如下面這道上海高考題，其答案是C，不是A：
I though ther nice and honest______Imether.
A.first time B.fo rthe first time C.the first timeD.by the first time

五、不定代詞+time
其中的不定代詞主要包括each,every,any等。
如：Every time I ringher,the phone is engaged.我每次給她打電話，電話都占線。
Every time I see him he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money.每次我見到他，他不是向我訴苦，就是要向我借錢。
He felt nervous each times he spoke to him.每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。
AnytimeyoucometoLondondolookmeup.你無論什么時(shí)候到倫敦來，一定要來看我。
注意：everytime,eachtime,anytime用作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)其前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，它與the first time,these cond time,the third time等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)其前必須要用定冠詞不同。

六、其他名詞結(jié)構(gòu)
以上歸納的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)均用于引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有些其他結(jié)構(gòu)還可引導(dǎo)其他性質(zhì)的狀語(yǔ)從句，如the way可用于引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“像……一樣”。如：
The didn’t do it the way we do now.那時(shí)他們不像我們現(xiàn)在這樣行事。
Joyce looked at me the way alotof girls did.喬伊絲像許多姑娘那樣瞧著我。
注：這樣用的theway與as用法相似。
如：Hold itin both hands,the way(=as)Mummy does.用兩只手捧住，像媽媽那樣。

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