oduLe 5 A Lesson in a Lab 學(xué)案 外研版必修1 一堂實(shí)驗(yàn)
核心詞匯
1．She spent the afternoon_____________(漂浮)on her back in the pool.
2．It is good because it is written in friendly，______________(普通)language.
3．What was Jeff’s______________(反應(yīng))when you told him about the job?
4．We’re getting to the ____________(階段)where we hardly ever go out together.
5．The hotel wants to ____________(擴(kuò)大)its business by adding a swimming pool.
6．Hearing the news，she felt a strange ____________(混合)of excitement and fear.
7．I’ve got a good sense of____________(平衡)and learnt to ski quite quickly.
8．y father caught me and gave me a long____________ ()about the dangers of drinking.
9．We talked late into the night，but nothing was____________，because it was hard for us to draw a____________.(conclude)．
10．To our____________，he was not ____________ at the ____________news, but it really__________his parents.(astonish)
1.floating 2.ordinary 3.reaction 4.stage 5.expand 6.mixture 7.balance 8.lecture 9.concluded；conclusion10.astonishment；astonished；astonishing；astonished
高頻短語
1．___________按順序排列……；使……有條理
2．___________ 在……的頂部/底部
3．___________ 往……加入……
4．___________ 不讓……入內(nèi)
5．___________ 控制；保留
6．___________ 進(jìn)行；(表示準(zhǔn)許)請做(說……)吧
7．___________ 過去(常常)……
8．___________ 在……領(lǐng)域
9．___________ 為……感到驕傲/自豪
10．__________ 理應(yīng)；應(yīng)當(dāng)
1. put...in order 2.at the top/bottom of 3.add...to...4.keep...out of... 5.keep...down 6.go ahead 7.used to 8.in the area of 9.be proud of 10.be supposed to
重點(diǎn)句式
1．_____________the earth’s surface ______________water.
地球表面三分之二是水。
2．The earth is ____________the moon.
地球比月球大49倍。
3．When we use metals，____________ to know how they____________different substances，____________，water and oxygen.
使用金屬時(shí)，我們要了解金屬和不同的物質(zhì)(例如水和氧)如何發(fā)生反應(yīng)，這一點(diǎn)很重要。
4．____________a table with the metals that ____________，and the metals that____________.
下面是一張金屬反應(yīng)表，列于頂部的金屬反應(yīng)最劇烈，下部的則最緩慢。
5．____________the tube for one week.
把試管放置一個(gè)星期。
6．It’s getting_____________!
天越越亮了！
7．____________you are，____________you’ll see.
你靠得越近，看到的就越多。
8．____________，seven Canadian scientists____________the Nobel Prize!
在過去的20年里，有七位加拿大科學(xué)家已獲得諾貝爾獎！
1.Two?thirds of；is 2.forty?nine times larger than 3.it is important；react with；for example 4.Here is；react most at the top；react least at the bottom 5.Leave 6.brighter and brighter 7.The closer；the more 8.In the last twenty years；have won
知識詳解
① expand vi. 膨脹 vt. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充
(回歸本P41)When you heat a metal，it expands.
當(dāng)你加熱金屬時(shí)，它就會膨脹。
【歸納】
expand sth.使……膨脹，擴(kuò)大?
expand on/upon sth.詳述，充分?jǐn)⑹?
expansion n.擴(kuò)張，膨脹
① etals expand when they are heated.
金屬受熱會膨脹。
②As children grow older they expand their interests and become more confident.
隨著兒童的成長，他們的興趣會變廣，人也會變得更自信。
③Could you expand on that point，please?
請你把那一點(diǎn)詳細(xì)說明一下，好嗎？
【例句探】
expand，extend，spread, stretch
(1)expand展開，擴(kuò)大，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。
(2)extend伸出，延伸，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長度、寬度的朝外延伸，也可指時(shí)間的延長。
(3)spread伸開，傳播，一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如傳播(疾病)，散布(信息等)。
(4)stretch伸展，拉長，一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長。stretch out 躺下，伸展。
【易混辨析】
①Water expands when it freezes.
②The hot weather extended to October.
③The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.
④The cat_stretched out in front of the fire.
1．Why not try to________your story into a novel?
A．revise B．summarise
C．organise D．expand
解析：選D。句意是：你為什么不把你的故事擴(kuò)展成一部小說呢？此句要用expand...into...表示“把……擴(kuò)展成……”。revise 的意思是“溫習(xí)”；summarise；organise組織起；expand擴(kuò)展。
【即境活用】
★2.Having finished his homework，Tony stood up behind the desk，________himself.
A．expanding B．extending
C．stretching D．spreading
解析：選C。句意是：完成作業(yè)后，托尼從寫字桌后站了起，伸了伸懶腰。此題要用stretch指身體的伸展。
② conclusion n． 結(jié)論
Conclusion
(回歸本P45)Iron rusts in ordinary water.
結(jié)論：鐵在普通水中生銹。
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論?make a conclusion下結(jié)論?
bring...to a conclusion使……結(jié)束?
in conclusion最后，作為結(jié)論地；總之?
conclude v.得出結(jié)論；斷定，推斷出；結(jié)束?
to conclude最后?
conclude from sth.that從……中斷定
【歸納總結(jié)】
①They came to the conclusion that it’s time Chinese football should be regulated.
他們得出的結(jié)論是：中國足球到了該整頓的時(shí)候了。
② In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想說我今天過得很開心。
③It was concluded that the level of necessary change would be lo
據(jù)認(rèn)定必要的變化水平將會很低。
④I concluded from what they said that they wanted to accept the offer.
我從他們的話中推斷出他們想接受這份幫助。
【例句探】
3．After a long discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the plan，they finally came to a(n)________that it was practical.
A．decision B．opinion
C．conclusion D．impression
解析：選C。句意：關(guān)于這項(xiàng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，他們討論了很長時(shí)間，最后終于得出了結(jié)論——這項(xiàng)實(shí)用。decision決定；opinion觀點(diǎn)；conclusion結(jié)論；impression印象。come to a conclusion“得出結(jié)論”，為固定短語。
【即境活用】
③ ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的
(回歸本P45)The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
釘子在裝有普通水的試管中生銹了。
ordinary?looking相貌平平的，相貌普通的?
out of the ordinary不尋常的；例外的?
in the ordinary way一般；通常
【歸納總結(jié)】
① Jim was not in the ordinary way a romantic，but he decided to bring ary some roses.
吉姆通常并不是一個(gè)浪漫的人，但他決定帶一些玫瑰花給瑪麗。
②The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary Americans.
新稅費(fèi)對普通美國人說如同一次重?fù)簟?br />③Nothing out of the ordinary had happened.
沒發(fā)生什么意外之事。
④What is ordinary in one country may be very strange in another.
在一個(gè)國家很普通的事，在另一個(gè)國家可能很奇怪。
【例句探】
【易混辨析】
ordinary，common，usual，normal
(1)ordinary普通的，平常的，平凡的。強(qiáng)調(diào)等級和類屬方面普通。有“平庸無奇”之意。
(2)common普通的，常見的。強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常發(fā)生，司空見慣，可修飾人或物。也可指共同的、共存的。common sense常識。
(3)usual 通常的，慣常的，慣例的，強(qiáng)調(diào)依照慣例判斷，有“遵循常規(guī)”之意。
(4) normal正常的，合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。強(qiáng)調(diào)在正常情況下應(yīng)有的。
①Whoever has common sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.
②Last Sunday，he went to work as usual.
③Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary_illness.
④It is known that a person’s normal_temperature is about 36.5℃.
4．I really miss the security of a(n)________pay cheque.
A．ordinary B．usual
C．common D．regular
解析：選D。ordinary“平常的，平凡的”；usual“通常的，慣例的”；common “常見的，共有的”；regular“定期的，固定的”。根據(jù)句意“我實(shí)在懷念定期領(lǐng)取工資支票的安全感”，可知選D項(xiàng)。
【即境活用】
④ react vi. (化學(xué))反應(yīng)；起作用；起反應(yīng)
(回歸本P44)．..it is important to know how they react with different substances...
……要了解它們和不同的物質(zhì)如何發(fā)生反應(yīng)，這一點(diǎn)很重要……
react to對……作出反應(yīng)?
react with與……起(化學(xué))反應(yīng)?
react against反對；反抗?
react on/upon對……有影響?
reaction n.反應(yīng)
【歸納總結(jié)】
① How did he react to your suggestion?
他對你的建議反應(yīng)如何？
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿反抗他們。
③Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
鐵與水和空氣起化學(xué)反應(yīng)而生銹。
④How do acids react on metals?
酸對金屬起什么反應(yīng)？
⑤What was her reaction to the news?
她對這消息的反應(yīng)如何？
【例句探】
5．—How did you react________your father’s suggestion?
—I reacted strongly________it.
A．on；to B．on；with
C．a(chǎn)gainst；with D．to；against
解析：選D。react with“與……發(fā)生反應(yīng)”；react to“對……的反應(yīng)”；react against“反對”。句意：“你對你父親的建議有何反應(yīng)？”“我堅(jiān)決反對�！�
【即境活用】
⑤ add...to... 把……加到……
(回歸本P45)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.
在水中加些油。這樣做可防止空氣進(jìn)入水中。
【歸納總結(jié)】
add v.加；繼續(xù)說；補(bǔ)充說?
add to增加；增添?
add up把……加起?
add up to合計(jì)達(dá)；結(jié)果是?
addition n.加；(數(shù))加法；增加?
in addition另外?
in addition to除……之外
【例句探】
①Please add some sugar to the bread.
請?jiān)诿姘霞有┨恰?br />②Three added to four makes seven.三加四等于七。
③Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
煙花使節(jié)日之夜更具吸引力。
④Add up all the figures and find out what they add up to.
把這些數(shù)字加起，弄清楚總計(jì)是多少。
6．The total cost of their trip to America________
$ 8,000.
A．a(chǎn)dded up to B．a(chǎn)dded up
C．a(chǎn)dded to D．was added up to
解析：選A。由題意可知，此處意指“總計(jì)”，故用add up to，此短語一般不用被動語態(tài)。
★7.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather_________the helplessness of the crew
at sea.
A．a(chǎn)dded to B．resulted from
C．turned out D．made up
解析：選A。add to 表示“增添”的意思。
【即境活用】
⑥ keep...out of 使……進(jìn)不去；不讓……進(jìn)入；把……擋在外面；避開
(回歸本P45)This will keep air out of the water.
這將阻止空氣進(jìn)入水中。
【歸納總結(jié)】
keep after追趕?keep away遠(yuǎn)離?keep back阻止；隱瞞?keep down吞下；鎮(zhèn)壓；控制?keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事?keep off防止，避開?keep on繼續(xù)?keep to堅(jiān)持；履行?keep up不低落；維持，堅(jiān)持；繼續(xù)?keep up with跟上
①You’d better keep yourself out of other people’s quarrels.
你最好不要卷入別人的糾紛中去。
②He begged the police to keep his name out of the papers.
他懇求警察不要在報(bào)紙上披露他的名字。
③Please keep the dog out of the study.
別讓這只狗進(jìn)書房。
【例句探】
★8.I warned Bill to________trouble while I’m away.
A．keep out of B．keep out
C．keep away D．keep back
解析：選A。句意“我警告比爾我不在的時(shí)候不要惹麻煩�！�
9．________the fire，or your clothes may catch fire.
A．eep out B．eep away
C．eep to D．eep off
解析：選D。keep off 不靠近。句意“不要靠近火，否則衣服容易著火�！�
【即境活用】
⑦ go ahead 開始；繼續(xù)；進(jìn)展；領(lǐng)先
(回歸本P48) Go ahead！means Begin!
“開始吧！”意思是“開始！”
【歸納總結(jié)】
go ahead with繼續(xù)做……?
go straight ahead一直往前走?
go ahead of走在……前頭
①“ay I ask you a question？”“Yes，go ahead.”
“我可以問你一個(gè)問題嗎？”“可以，問吧！”
②Don’t be disturbed；just go ahead with your work.
不要受干擾，你們只管干你們的活。
③Things are going ahead smoothly.
事情進(jìn)展順利。
④You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.
你先走一步，告訴他們我們隨后就到。
【例句探】
10．(2009年高考四川卷)—ay I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A．Come on！ B．Take care!
C．Go ahead! D．Hold on!
解析：選C。問句是在請求許可，句意是：我可以打開窗戶，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)嗎？四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有Go ahead！表示說話者同意，意為“打開吧！”Come on！用催促對方，意為“快點(diǎn)吧！”Take care！小心！Hold on！堅(jiān)持��！。
【即境活用】
★11. (2009年高考安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?
—________.
A．With pleasure B．Go ahead
C．Yes，please D．That’s O
解析：選A。問句的意思是“你可不可以好心把窗戶關(guān)上？”這個(gè)情景是請對方做某事，所以回答不能用Go ahead，而是With pleasure(愿意)。
★12.(2010年高考重慶卷)—Honey，let’s go out for dinner.
—________I don’t have to cook.
A．Forget it！ B．That’s great!
C．Why? D．Go ahead.
解析：選B。句意：——親愛的，我們?nèi)ネ饷娉酝盹埌伞！昧耍∥也槐刈鲲埩�！由語境I don’t have to cook可知，聽話者非常贊同說話者提出的建議，故答案為B項(xiàng)。forget it“沒關(guān)系”“不必太在意”；why？“干嘛？”go ahead“去做吧”，都不符合語境。
⑧ be supposed to do 被期望或被要求(按規(guī)則、慣例等)做(某事)
(回歸本P49)．..as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
……因?yàn)閮蓚�(gè)(大學(xué))都有不錯(cuò)的物理系。
suppose v.假設(shè)，假定?
It is supposed that...認(rèn)為……?
be supposed to do/ be sth.被期望做……/應(yīng)該……?
I don’t suppose(that)我以為……不會……?
I suppose so/not.我想可以/不可以。?
be supposed to have done被認(rèn)為做過某事；本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事
【歸納總結(jié)】
①It was generally supposed that it would not happen again.
一般都認(rèn)為此事不會再發(fā)生。
②Everybody is supposed to know the law，but few people do.
人人都應(yīng)當(dāng)懂得法律，但很少有人懂。
③Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.
無論是誰，只要被認(rèn)為適合做這項(xiàng)工作都被要求報(bào)了名。
【例句探】
④You were supposed to have come，we had been waiting for you.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)，我們一直在等著你。
⑤Tom was supposed to have stolen the money.
湯姆被認(rèn)為偷了錢。
13．—The plane ________arrive at 11∶30，but was almost half an hour late.
—Common practice.
A．was about to B．was likely to
C．was supposed to D．was certain to
解析：選C。be supposed to do“本應(yīng)該”。
【即境活用】
★14.The message is very important，so it is supposed________as soon as possible.
A．to be sent B．to send
C．being sent D．sending
解析：選A。句意：這條信息很重要，所以要盡快發(fā)出去。be supposed后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該”，排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。it 指message，message和send之間為被動關(guān)系，排除B項(xiàng)，故A為正確答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 It is hard to think of a world without metals.(P44)
很難想象一個(gè)沒有金屬的世界。
【句法分析】 本句中，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語to think of...，構(gòu)成It is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。
It is ＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.該句式中，作表語的形容詞只能說明不定式的行為性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，不能說明不定式的執(zhí)行者。常見的這類形容詞有：easy，important，difficult，hard，possible，impossible，necessary等。
It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.該句式中，作表語的形容詞表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語的品行、性格或性質(zhì)。常見的這類形容詞有：kind，nice，good，honest，careful，careless，clever，wise，stupid，foolish，rude，polite，impolite等。
It is＋adj./n.＋that?clause
It is＋no good/use doing sth.
①It is easier to say than to do.說比做容易。
②It is no good playing computer games.玩電腦游戲沒有好處。
③It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.
很遺憾他沒有通過考試。
④It is said that the tickets have been sold out.
據(jù)說票已售完。
15．(2010年高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought______would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that
C．one D．it
解析：選D。句意：醫(yī)生認(rèn)為度假對你有好處。本題考查代詞it作形式主語。根據(jù)句意不定式短語to have a holiday在賓語從句中作真正的主語，只有it 可作形式主語，故選D項(xiàng)。
【即境活用】
★16.(2009年高考天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.
A．a(chǎn)s B．which
C．whether D．that
解析：選D。句意是：對學(xué)生說，很明顯的是他們應(yīng)該為將做好準(zhǔn)備。It是形式主語，________they should get well prepared for their future是主語從句，作真正的主語。這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞起引導(dǎo)作用，不作成分，故用that。
② 【教材原句】 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top，and the metals that react least at the bottom.(P44)
這兒有一個(gè)圖表，那些反應(yīng)最強(qiáng)烈的金屬在上部，反應(yīng)最不強(qiáng)烈的在下部。
【句法分析】 這是一個(gè)倒裝句，正常語序是：A table with...is here.
(1)在there ，here引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語是be，exist等表示狀態(tài)的不及物動詞時(shí)，句子要全部倒裝。
(2)在there，here，now，then，thus等開頭的句子里，謂語動詞是come，go，follow等時(shí)，句子要全部倒裝。
(3)here，there引導(dǎo)的句子，當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí)，不倒裝，且此類句子不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
①Here are what I want you to do.下面是我想讓你做的事情。
②There goes the bus. 公共汽車走了。
③Now comes my turn.現(xiàn)在該輪到我了。
17．(2010年高考江蘇卷)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there________the rest of our guests!
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．a(chǎn)re coming
解析：選A。句意：——都到了嗎？——還沒有……看，其余的客人過了！本題考查主謂一致。本句中there放在句首，句子采用了倒裝句式，謂語動詞應(yīng)該根據(jù)句子的主語the rest of our guests判斷，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，可排除；come用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將的動作，不合題意，可排除；A項(xiàng)謂語動詞與主語一致，故答案為A。
【即境活用】
★18.(2009年高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.
A．voices had come B．came voices
C．voices would come D．did voices come
解析：選B�？疾榈寡b結(jié)構(gòu)。表示時(shí)間的副詞now，then及表示方位的副詞here，there等位于句首，與位移性動詞come，go，arrive等連用，且主語不是人稱代詞，此時(shí)用完全倒裝。從前一句可知此處描述的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。
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