Reading rates
      閱讀速度
      Each type of reading has a different rate; an exciting novel is a quicker read than a text in biology.
      閱讀不同的文章應(yīng)該采用不同的閱讀速度。閱讀一本精彩的小說所需的閱讀速度應(yīng)該比閱讀一本生物學(xué)的著作要快。
      Text books vary in how well they are written;as a consequence some are more difficult to read.
      課本上的文章寫得有好有壞，所以有些文章更為難讀，閱讀速度也就更慢。
      Each semester, time yourself reading a chapter in each of your text books. See how many pages an hour you can read. Once you have an accurate estimate of your reading rate, you can better plan your reading time and studying time.
      每個(gè)學(xué)期，你都應(yīng)該記錄一下自己閱讀各種課本上一章內(nèi)容所花的時(shí)間�？纯匆粋�(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里你能讀完多少頁。當(dāng)你能準(zhǔn)確的估算自己的閱讀速度，你就能更好的安排自己的閱讀時(shí)間和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間了。

      Comprehension
      閱讀理解
      Scan the chapter first.
      先瀏覽一下全文的段落章節(jié)。
      Identify the sections to which the author devotes the most amount of space. If there are lots of diagrams for a particular concept, then that must also be an important concept. If you're really pressed for time, skip the sections to which the least amount of space is devoted.
      找到作者不惜筆墨、用大量篇幅創(chuàng)作的章節(jié)。如果作者用了許多圖表來解釋一個(gè)概念，那么這一定也是一個(gè)非常重要的概念。如果你的時(shí)間確實(shí)很緊，可以跳過篇幅最少的段落。
      Read the first sentence of every paragraph more carefully than the rest of the paragraph.
      對(duì)每段文字的段首句，要比此段其他的句子更仔細(xì)的閱讀。
      Take notes on headings and first sentence of each paragraph before reading the chapter itself.
      在閱讀一個(gè)章節(jié)之前，先注意一下章節(jié)標(biāo)題，以及每段話的段首句。
      Then close your book and ask yourself what you now know about the subject that you didn't know before you started.
      在閱讀完一章內(nèi)容之后，合上書，問問自己，關(guān)于文章的主題，你獲得了那些在閱讀之前所不知道的知識(shí)點(diǎn)？
      Focus on nouns and main propositions in each sentence. Look for the noun-verb combinations, and focus your learning on these.
      在讀每句話的時(shí)候，注意名詞和主要的代詞。找到句子中的主謂搭配，集中精力學(xué)習(xí)這些部分。

 

      實(shí)例示范：

      For example, consider the following text:
      例如，閱讀如下文段：
      Classical conditioning is learning that takes place when we come to associate two stimuli in the environment. One of these stimuli triggers a reflexive response. The second stimulus is originally neutral with respect to that response, but after it has been paired with the first stimulus, it comes to trigger the response in its own right.
      經(jīng)典條件反射作為一種認(rèn)知活動(dòng)，是在我們將兩種刺激源相互關(guān)聯(lián)并置于一定環(huán)境中的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生的。第一種刺激源會(huì)激發(fā)一種自發(fā)的反應(yīng)，第二種刺激源原本對(duì)產(chǎn)生同樣的反應(yīng)是無效的，但是當(dāng)它與第一種刺激源想結(jié)合的時(shí)候，它就能夠激發(fā)同樣的反應(yīng)了。
      Rather than read every word, you might decode this text graphically:
      你可以分節(jié)理解這段文字，而不用逐字逐字的閱讀：
      Classical conditioning = learning = associating two stimuli
      經(jīng)典條件反射=認(rèn)知活動(dòng)=將兩種刺激源相互關(guān)聯(lián)
      1st stimulus triggers a response
      第一種刺激源激發(fā)反應(yīng)
      2nd stimulus = originally neutral, but paired with 1st --> triggers response.
      第二種刺激源=原本無效，但是與第一種結(jié)合的時(shí)候-->能夠激發(fā)反應(yīng)
      Rather than reading and re-reading your text, take notes in this form, so that you've re-written the important parts of the text. Once you have written notes, you don't have to worry about the text itself.
      與其一遍一遍的反復(fù)閱讀，你可以用這種形式來記筆記，如此以來，你就已經(jīng)將文章中重要的部分記下來了。一旦你記下了筆記，就不用再糾結(jié)怎么讀這段文字本身了。

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