在英語復(fù)合句中,從句中的動詞時態(tài),特別是賓語從句中的動詞時態(tài),通常在一定程度上受到主句中動詞時態(tài)的制約,英語語法上稱這種現(xiàn)象為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。
時態(tài)呼應(yīng)一般應(yīng)遵循下列幾條原則:
一、如果主句中動詞是過去時態(tài),賓語從句中的動詞時態(tài)通常是各種過去時態(tài)的一種,具體用過去時態(tài)的哪一種,則需要根據(jù)具體意義來確定。一般來說:
1.如果主句中的動作與賓語從句中的動作同時發(fā)生,則從句中的動詞用一般過去時,或根據(jù)具體意義的需要用過去進行時。如:
I knew he studied in this school.我知道他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)過。
I knew she was studying English in this school in the years from 1985 to 1987.我知道從1985年到1987年期間她在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語。
2.如果賓語從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前,則從句中的動詞用過去完成時。如:
He said that he had visited his old friends.他說他已拜訪了他的老朋友。
3.如果賓語從句中的動作在主句動作發(fā)生前已持續(xù)了一段時間,則從句中的動詞用過去完成時或過去完成進行時。如:
He said that the patient had been under his treatment for three years.他說病人已在他那兒治療三年了。
I knew that he had been working here since 1960.我知道他自1960年以來就一直在這里工作。
4.如果賓語從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之后,則從句中的動詞用一般過去將來時,或過去將來進行時,或過去將來完成時。如:
He said that they would read the book the following year.他說他們下一年才讀那本書。
He said that they would be reading when she came.他說她來時他們將在閱讀。
He said that they would have finished reading the book by the first of July.他說他們到7月1日止將讀完那本書。
但是,如果賓語從句表示的是一般真理或習(xí)慣性行為,則不受時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的限制。如:
The students knew that water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.學(xué)生們那時都知道水是由氧和氫構(gòu)成的。
He told his teacher that he takes a bath once a week in winter.他告訴老師他冬天每周洗一次澡。
二、如果主句中的動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,則賓語從句中的動詞可根據(jù)意義的需要確定任何一種時態(tài)。如:
I know that my brother has gone to Shanghai.我知道我弟弟去上海了。
I have just learned that he went to Changsha yesterday.我剛剛獲悉他昨天去了長沙。
I shall tell the doctor that my classmate vomited three times last night.我將告訴醫(yī)生我的同學(xué)昨晚嘔吐了三次。
三、定語從句及表示原因、結(jié)果、比較、讓步等的狀語從句一般不受時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的限制。如:
Now he is reading the book which I bought the day before yesterday.他正在讀我前天買回來的那本書。
He didn’t go out last night because he will have an examination tomorrow.他昨晚沒外出是因為明天要(參加)考試。
His blood pressure was higher last year than it is this year.他的血壓去年比今年高。
四、主語從句、表語從句一般要受時態(tài)的限制。如:
What he would do was of no importance.他將做什么并不重要。
The question was what he would do next.問題是下一步他將做什么。
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/6792.html
相關(guān)閱讀:句子比單詞重要
高中英語不定式和分詞表原因的區(qū)別
實用英語寫作技巧6 如何寫好段落(Ⅰ)
“談情說愛”英語篇
英語聽力訓(xùn)練要講究策略