聽力測試特點(diǎn)
聽力測試部分占整套英語試卷中總分的五分之一。可以說聽力測試的成敗關(guān)系到英語科目的成敗。同學(xué)們普遍認(rèn)為只要把原文聽懂,就可以選出正確答案。誠然,聽懂原文是關(guān)鍵,但如何有效地聽懂原文?聽完后如何選擇?在這一系列過程中,有無可遵循的有效策略幫助學(xué)生提高選擇的正確率呢?
聽力測試材料特點(diǎn):
1. 明確的語境:聽力測試內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)的是真實(shí)的生活情景,涉及生活的各個(gè)層面。如:購物、問路、看醫(yī)生、談?wù)撎鞖?球賽)、聚會、邀請等等。
2. 明顯的口語特征:自然而地道的口頭語;大量能表現(xiàn)口頭交談時(shí)說話人的不同情緒的感嘆詞;多次出現(xiàn)停頓、重復(fù)、省略、重音;或自己打斷(糾正)自己等人們講話時(shí)特有的一些語言特點(diǎn)。如:“Excuse me, can/may I…” ,“It’s great seeing you here.”,“I mean…”,“Great idea”,“well”,“so”,“say”…
3. 平易的文字與簡短的句子結(jié)構(gòu):整個(gè)材料中沒有生僻、超綱的詞匯,都是最常用的簡單的詞語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單基本都是簡單句。(因此只要平時(shí)注意練習(xí),自信,聽力部分得分還是很容易的)
試題設(shè)置特點(diǎn):主要有四個(gè)方面:
1)主旨大意題:要求考生聽懂語段的主要內(nèi)容,對對話有一個(gè)全面的領(lǐng)會和整體的把握。往往不會出現(xiàn)明確的提示。這類題較難。一般設(shè)題 1-2 道。例如:
M: Well, I’d better be getting home now. It’s been great seeing you again.
W: Oh, it was nice seeing you too.
Q: What are the speakers doing?
A. Enjoying meeting each other.
B. Saying Good Bye to each other.
C. Planning to see each other again.
材料中并沒有出現(xiàn)“Bye, Good bye, see you, …”等告別的詞語。只有綜合全部對話內(nèi)容,并且抓住表述時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵詞it was nice seeing you too,才獲知“他們在告別”。正確答案 B。
2)事實(shí)題:此類題要求考生聽懂語段中的某個(gè)具體事實(shí),如:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、原因、目的、結(jié)果、數(shù)量、頻率、價(jià)格、比較、篩選等這類題較容易,其選項(xiàng)往往是一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)短語,可以從對話或獨(dú)白中直接找到答案。但有些事實(shí)卻要求對材料中的相關(guān)事實(shí)信息進(jìn)行加工,才能選定答案。往往是設(shè)題最多的項(xiàng)目(設(shè)題5-8道)。
例:W: Can I come to see you at ten, Professor Brown?
M: I’m sorry, Susan. I’m meeting my students then. Why not come half an hour later?
Q: when should Susan go to meet professor?
A. At 10:00 B. At 10:30 C. At 11:00
關(guān)鍵是兩點(diǎn):Can I come to see you at ten? ;Why not come half an hour later? 正確答案B。
3)細(xì)節(jié)題:此類題要求考生聽懂語段中的某個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié),但有時(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是一些隱藏信息。一般設(shè)題 5-6 道。例如:
W: So, how long have you been here?
M: Just a couple of days actually. I’m on a big journey. You know, I’m visiting all the places of interest here.
Q: What’s the man doing?
A. He’s working in a hotel.
B. He’s visiting a young couple
C. He’s traveling around.
根據(jù) I’m visiting all the places of interest here. 便可得出正確答案 C。
例如:原聽力錄音材料
Last summer I went on business to the small mountain village. Just before the day I was about to return, it rained heavily. The road was washed away. I could do nothing but telephone the boss. He said “just enjoy your holiday there”.
Q1.Why was “I” in the small village?
A. to repair the bridge B. to have a holiday C. to work
Q2. When can “I” return?
A.The rain stopped.
B.The road was repaired.
C. The holiday was over.
聽的時(shí)候著力捕捉有用的信息,抓關(guān)鍵詞。這里應(yīng)抓住 on business, 1 小題答案選 C;再抓住 The road was washed away. 確定 2 小題的答案為 B。
聽力測試題所選的短文(獨(dú)白)大部分是記敘文,通常圍繞 what,who,when,where,which,why 這幾方面來設(shè)計(jì)考題。聽時(shí)一定要集中精力,抓住關(guān)鍵詞,切勿連蒙帶猜“碰運(yùn)氣”。
4)推理判斷題:這類題要求在掌握整個(gè)語段材料內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上對多種相關(guān)信息(包括說話人的語調(diào)、語氣)進(jìn)行綜合分析并推理判斷出對話、獨(dú)白的背景,談話者的相互關(guān)系,以及他們各自的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。一般設(shè)題 6-7 道。例如:
M: May I help you?
W: Yes, I’d like to try on some sports jackets. I prefer something like the one I’m wearing.
Q: Where are the two speakers?
A. In a department store
B. In a clothes factory
C. On a playground.
根據(jù)售貨員對顧客打招呼的用語 May I help you? 及顧客的回答 I’d like to try on some sports jackets. 來推斷這段話是發(fā)生在百貨商店。答案 A。
聽力測試的應(yīng)對技巧
高考英語聽力測試旨在考查考生理解口頭英語的能力。第一節(jié)共 5 段簡短對話,每段一個(gè)小題,錄音只播一遍。第二節(jié)共 5 段對話或獨(dú)白,共 15 小題,錄音放兩遍?傮w時(shí)間20 分鐘稍多一些。很多情況下并非能力上不行,而是心理上過分緊張,從而影響水平的正常發(fā)揮。記。褐挥斜3至己玫木窈托睦頎顟B(tài),才能確?荚囍姓I踔脸0l(fā)揮。充分利用好發(fā)卷后開考前的三分鐘左右時(shí)間,快速瀏覽試題及選項(xiàng)(每段對話或獨(dú)白之間的幾十秒時(shí)間同樣要利用起來)。根據(jù)題干和相關(guān)選項(xiàng)可以預(yù)測一部分背景知識,確定聽音的重點(diǎn),使聽音具有明確的方向和選擇性。尤其是聽力部分的第一節(jié),因?yàn)?ldquo;只讀一遍”更要認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備。聽力考試開始,要邊聽邊做,當(dāng)機(jī)立斷。有些同學(xué)聽不清楚時(shí),緊張,心慌,以致影響后面的答題。聽不清楚是正,F(xiàn)象,而且題目之間無相關(guān)性。跳過去繼續(xù)下一題。另外沒有十分的把握,不要輕易的修改原來的選項(xiàng),尊重你的“初選”。
在平時(shí)的練習(xí)時(shí)要注意嘗試以下方法:
一、聽前閱讀分析
高考時(shí)一般會提前 5 分鐘分發(fā)試卷,同學(xué)們在 5 分鐘內(nèi)把 20 道聽力題題干及選項(xiàng)讀完,一般不成問題。另外,在聽每道題前,還有時(shí)間再次閱讀各題,每題約 5 秒鐘。
考生在聽前閱讀中應(yīng)完成下列任務(wù):
1.比較選項(xiàng),找出差錯(cuò),做上記號。
(1) 選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)少,一目了然
例1:What size is the man wearing?
A. Size 13 B. Size 14 C. Size 15
考生只要劃出13、14、15即可。
(2) 選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)多,差別明顯
例2:Why does he also get on the same bus?
A. Because he is going to the post office.
B. Because he is going to the same way.
C. Because he is going to the station.
只要在選項(xiàng)中的不同處劃上橫線即可。
(3) 選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)多,形式復(fù)雜
例3: Why doesn’t he see his aunt?
A. He is not allowed to see her.
B. His aunt doesn’t want to see him.
C. She is not here.
同學(xué)們可像上面所示的那樣先將關(guān)鍵詞作上記號。通過這項(xiàng)工作,我們能排除那些次要信息的干擾,有效的提高答題的正確率。
2. 根據(jù)問題及選項(xiàng),猜測大意。
例4: Who introduce George to Jane?
A. George’s friend B. Jane’s friend C. George himself
我們可以由“introduce”一詞猜測到這是一段有關(guān)介紹的對話。通常介紹有兩種情況:一是自我介紹(選項(xiàng) C),一是他人介紹(選項(xiàng) A、B)。自我介紹常采用“I’m…/My name is…”,他人介紹采用“This is…”,“That is…”因此,只要在聽力過程中,聽出其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,就可做出正確的選擇。
在聽前猜測中,同學(xué)們已經(jīng)作了積極的思考,對即將聽到的原文有了初步的預(yù)測,對原文可能涉及到的內(nèi)容有了大概的了解,這樣便有可能提高選擇的正確率。
二、聽時(shí)抓關(guān)鍵詞,必要時(shí)做記錄
例5: W: Is Mary fond of music?
M: Well, she likes to listen to records but she’s never learned to play anything.
Q: What do we learn about Mary?
A. She likes playing the piano.
B. She is interested in listening to music.
C. She doesn’t like music.
原文中的關(guān)鍵詞為 listen,never… play 根據(jù)這些關(guān)鍵詞,不難選出正確答案 B。
聽力過程中的記錄全在“快” 和“巧”字上。如果聽力原文較長,且文中人物較多,事件較為復(fù)雜,所涉及到的數(shù)字或時(shí)間等信息多樣,考生則可在試卷空白處作些簡單記錄。如用首字母、阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字等。所作的記錄只要自己能看懂就行,不必苛求語法、單詞的正確。在這方面,平時(shí)要多訓(xùn)練,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
三、聽后分析判斷
選擇的答案與原文保持一致,才是正確答案。這種一致性表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:
1. 問題及選項(xiàng)與聽力原文形式一致。
例6: M: Great party, isn’t it?
W: It certainly is. Hi, I’m Lisa.
M: I’m James. Are you a friend of Roy’s?
W: Yes, we both work at the bank. How do you know Roy?
M: We play tennis together.
W: What do you do?
M: I teach arts at a university.
Q1: Where does Lisa work?
A. In a hospital. B. In a bank. C. In a university.
聽出“I’m Lisa”和“We work at the bank”后即可選出 B 為正確答案。
Q2: How does James know Roy?
A. They work in the same university.
B. They play tennis together.
C. They know each other in the party.
聽出“How do you know Roy?”和“We play tennis together.”后即可選出正確答案 B。
2.問題及選項(xiàng)與聽力原文意義一致。
例7: W: What nationality are you?
M: I’m from New Zealand.
W: Which part of New Zealand do you come from?
M: Wellington. It’s the capital.
Q: Where is the man from?
A. England B. An island C. New Zealand
這里的問題“What nationality are you?”與“Where are you from?”同義,依此可根據(jù)“I’m from New Zealand.”做出正確選擇 C。
3.正確答案依據(jù)聽力原文來推斷。
(1) 邏輯推理
例8: W: It’s terribly hot in this small room.
M:I agree. Would you mind raising the window a bit more?
Q: What does the man need?
A. A rest. B. A bigger room. C. More air.
根據(jù)“hot”及“raise the window”推斷出 C 為正確答案。
(2) 簡單運(yùn)算
例9: W: When will the film begin?
M: It begins at 8:55. We only have 20 minutes left. Let’s go now.
Q: What time is it now?
A. It is 8:35. B. It is 8: 05. C. It is 8:15.
這里要用8:55減去還剩下的 20 分鐘,得出現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間是 8:35。 這類題只要用簡單的加、減、乘等運(yùn)算即可,除法極少用到。這類試題,并不難做。關(guān)鍵要注意題目問的是什么。不要想當(dāng)然。犯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的錯(cuò)誤。
(3) 概括總結(jié)
例10:M: You have been in London for several months. How do you like the city?
W: The only thing is the sun never smiles. It’s always gray and unhappy.
Q: What does the woman seem to unlike about London?
A.The unsmiling face.
B.The Londoners.
C.The weather.
原文中的“the sun never smiles”和“gray and unhappy”不是描述人,而是對天氣的描寫,考生不能誤解。正確答案應(yīng)是 C。
總之,聽力測試所選的對話、短文(獨(dú)白)通常圍繞 what,who,where,when,which,why,how,how many(much),what time 等方面來設(shè)計(jì)考題。因此聽時(shí)一定要集中精力抓住與之有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞,選出正確的選項(xiàng)。
聽力試題對話部分解題技巧
關(guān)于時(shí)間、數(shù)字計(jì)算的試題
這類試題都涉及到數(shù)字,很多時(shí)候涉及不只一個(gè)數(shù)字,做題時(shí)應(yīng)該反應(yīng)靈敏,可以記下一些重要的信息,同選擇項(xiàng)比較分析來解決。常見的提問方式一般有:When…?/What time…?/How old…?/How much…?/How many…? 等等。另外,它所涉及的數(shù)字主要包括:日期、時(shí)間、年代、年齡、價(jià)格、數(shù)量、距離、房號及電話號碼等。就數(shù)字種類來說,主要有基數(shù)、序數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等。做題時(shí),一般會出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)數(shù)字,而兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的數(shù)字通常為計(jì)算題。所以我們要用到簡單的加減乘除運(yùn)算,尤其要注意—些常見的詞。如:half,double,twice,one-third,percent,a pair,3 dozen,penny,cent 等等。
例1: M: Don’t worry, we still have time left.
W:What time does the train leave?
M:At 8:30. We have 35 minutes to go.
Q:What time is it now?
A.7: 55 B.7: 45 C.7: 50
[分析]去趕火車離8:30還有35分鐘,答案自然為 A。
例2: M:How much is the white shirt?
W: These shirts sell for 16 dollars each,but it’s 30 if you buy two.
Q:How much does the woman have to pay if she wants to buy just one?
A.$15 B.$16 C.$30
[分析]在對話中,提到買 the white shirt 每件 16 元,兩件 30 元,只買—件當(dāng)然是16 元,故正確答案為 B。
例3: M:Did you know the news about the bank robbers?
W:Yes,but I don’t know whether they have been caught or not.
M:All except one.He escaped while the police were searching the hotel where the other three were hidden.
Q:How many bank robbers were there altogether?
A.1 B.2 C.4
[分析] 3 個(gè)被抓住,1 個(gè)逃走,故一共為 4 個(gè),答案為 C。
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