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高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：數(shù) 詞
高考重點要求：
1.掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)詞、倍數(shù)、百分數(shù)、年月日、鐘點、年齡、序號的基本用法。
2.掌握不定數(shù)量詞、約數(shù)詞的表達方法。
數(shù)詞在各個題項中，單選、閱讀、聽力、寫作中發(fā)揮著很強的作用，往往用以說明事實的精確性和可信性。數(shù)詞是由兩大部分構(gòu)成的即基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，而其他數(shù)字表示法如分數(shù)，小數(shù)等均由這兩大部分的不同組合而構(gòu)成。
(一)基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞為基數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表：
范 圍特 點實 例
1~12無規(guī)律one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19以teen為結(jié)尾thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90以ty結(jié)尾twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99十位與個位之間要加連字符 “-”twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999百位與十位之間通常用andthree hundred and twenty-five(美語中常將and省略)
千以上6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five;1200—twelve hundred
(二)序數(shù)詞：表示順序的數(shù)詞為序數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表：
范 圍特 點實 例
1~19各基數(shù)詞尾加th其中七個例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90把y變i后加ethtwentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位數(shù)最后一個數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，其余用基數(shù)詞21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
(三)數(shù)詞的用法：
1.英語中年月日、點鐘、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)詞、算式列表
示例英語表示法
2001.6.30June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
7：25seven twenty-five twenty-five past even
12:54twelve fifty four six to one
9:15nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30two thirty half past two
21:50twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
第21twenty-first
第123one hundred and twenty-third
a half
two and two-fifths
20%20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽車Bus Number Seven
第201房間Room 201
人民路153號153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12 Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4twenty divided by five is four.
A>BA is more than B.
A
A≈BA is approximately (近似地, 大約)equals to B.
A≠BA is not equal to B.
2.約數(shù)表示法列表
含義英語表達例句
大于某數(shù)more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.
overshe is over fifty.
or moreThere're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某數(shù)less thanI have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
underChildren under seven are not allowed to enter.
belowHe would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.
or lessThe coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大約(某數(shù))nearlyShe is nearly fifty now.
almostIts almost three o'clock.
up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or He spent four or five days writing the article.
or so The distance is twenty miles or so.
aboutI visited that village about three years ago.
someTheir team has some four or five players.
more or lessThe container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
around/roundLet's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定數(shù)量詞“多”的表示法列表
被修飾名詞的數(shù)英語表達漢譯
修飾可數(shù)名詞dozens of 幾十、許多
scores of 許多
many, a good(great) many, many a (飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)許多、大量
hundreds of 數(shù)以百計
thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of 成千上萬
millions of 數(shù)百萬
billions of 億萬
修飾不可數(shù)名詞much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of 許多、大量
修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, a large quantity of ,
large quantities of 許多、大量
練習(xí)、數(shù) 詞
1. Two __died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
3. The two great men wrote those letters in__ .
A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870's D. the 1870
4. I wonder if I can ask him__ time.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
5. He came out__ in the track events.
A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
6. It was in 1939 that __broke out.
A. World War Second B. the World War Second C. Second World War D. World War II
7. You'll have to spend __writing your report here.
A. one day or two days B. one day or two C. a day or two D. two days or one
8. He cut the cake__ .
A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
9. The earth is nearly__ the moon.
A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
10. Either you or the headmaster __the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing in B. are to hand out C. are handing in D. is to hand out
11. __of the population here are peasants.
A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
12. It's about__ , the thickness of a human hair.
A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
13. The price of such material was reduced__ .
A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
15. They sold __boxes of such sweets last week.
A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen of
16. It took me __ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft dozens D. half dozen
17.__people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
A. Three scores of B. Three score of C. Three score D. Three scores
18. Don't leave you work,__ .
A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half
19. Nobody can do two things well __ .
A. at one time B. at once C. one time D. once
20. He has__ books in his study.
A. several thousands B. some thousands of C. some thousands D. some thousand of
21. On National day__ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
A. hundreds of millions of B. millions of hundred of
C. hundreds millions of D. millions hundreds of
22. He has lived at__ for 30 years.
A. No. 101 Heping Street B. 101 Heping Street C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
23. You can find him in__ .
A. Room 201 B.201 Room C. the Room 20 D. the 201 Room
24. It's__ walk from here to my school.
A. two - hours B. two hours C. two - hour D. a two - hour
25. It was in__ when he was already in ___ that he went to Yan'an.
A. the 1940s, the 40s B. the 1940s, his forties C. 1940's, his forties D. the 1940's, his 40s
26. He went to the market and bought __eggs and some meat.
A. three dozen of B. three dozen C. three dozens D. three dozens of
27.Shortly after the accident two ___police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of (MET92 29)
28.Mr Smith ___me to buy several __eggs for the dinner.
A. asked, dozen B. suggested, dozens of C. had, dozen D. persuaded, dozens of ('94上海)
29.____of the land in that district ___covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths, are (2000上海)
30.Two ___died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundred old peoples D. hundred old peoples ('88MET.15)
31.It is not rare in ___that people in ____fifties are going to university for further education.
A.90s,the B. the 90s, / C.90s, their D. the 90s, their ('99上海 6)
32.-Have you seen many sheep in the distance ? -Yes, ___.
A. thousand of them B. two thousands of them
C. two thousand of them D. two thousand them
1.B
2. C 表示"幾十"的數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)與所有格代詞一起來用以表示人的年齡，本句為"二十多歲"。
3.C 定冠詞"the"和數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式在一起表示年代。
4.D 序數(shù)詞前面加不定冠詞表示"又一次"(已經(jīng)四次了)
5.A 這里"first"有人說起副詞作用，可以看成表語，也可以看做一種"取得第一名"的習(xí)慣用法。
6.D 序數(shù)詞和名詞共同構(gòu)成的專有名詞還可以是thc Second World War的形式。
7.C 只有C項為正確的表達方式，或者也可以寫成"one or two days".再如：one hour and a half或one and a half hours.
8.B "in half"表示"分成一樣大小的兩半"。也可以說"cut…in two"
9.B 再如twice the height(depth，width，weight，etc.)of
10.D either…or…連接主語用就近原則。be to hand out the prizes意為"要頒發(fā)獎品"。
11.答案為B。百分比作修飾語，前面不加冠詞且不能加復(fù)數(shù)。
12.答案為B。分數(shù)做定語，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時，分母用復(fù)數(shù)，本題中，其它表達方式均不正確。
13.答案為A。表增加或減少的數(shù)量的百分比，用by+百分數(shù)表示。
14.答案為A。不可數(shù)的名詞的百分比用單數(shù);可數(shù)名詞的百分比則用復(fù)數(shù)。C項時態(tài)不對，另如：90 percent of the population here are peasents.這個句子中population的意思是people.
15.答案為A。"dozen"與數(shù)詞或many，several等詞連用時復(fù)數(shù)一般不加s，故B、C兩項不選。此外，dozen與數(shù)詞連用做定語，一般也不加of.當(dāng)然也有例外：Place them in dozens on the table.dozens表數(shù)量很多。Two dozen of these are wanted.dozen后面有of因為有限定詞these，the等。Dozens of people were here.dozens of也表示"很多"。
16.答案為B。"半打"的表達方式一定要用"hall a dozen"。
17.答案為B。score做定語修飾名詞用a(three)score of，而不用復(fù)數(shù)形式;常用"scores of"為其復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為"大量"，但有：three score and ten，a score or more
18.答案為B。"hall"起副詞作用，修飾過去分詞"done"，因為這個過去分詞表狀態(tài)，故"half"應(yīng)在"done"前。再如：well done，well known，不用a half修飾done，故不選C、B兩項。
19.B意為"同時"，不是"立刻"。
20.B
2l.A 如：tens of thousands of(小數(shù)在前，大數(shù)在后)thousands and thonsands of(兩數(shù)一樣大)。
22.B 居住的門牌號用介詞at+號數(shù)+街道名"。
23.A
24.答案為D。"walk"作為名詞，常與不定冠詞連用。注意：在表數(shù)量的合成詞中，名詞部分為單數(shù)，如：a two-year-old boy.
25.答案為B。"在20世紀40年代"，必須有定冠詞"the".此外，年代后要加's或s。"他已經(jīng)40多歲了"要用in his forties。
26.答案為B。dozen與數(shù)詞或多或少several, many連用時，復(fù)數(shù)不加s。dozens of表示數(shù)量很多，在修飾有these，the等詞限定的名詞時，可用dozen of的形式。如：three dozen of these eggs.
27.C 28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.C
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