根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義
利用定義推知詞義
利用重述推知詞義
利用常識或經(jīng)驗(yàn)推知詞義
利用搭配關(guān)系推測詞義
利用同義關(guān)系猜測詞義
利用反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測詞義
根據(jù)所舉示例猜測詞義
根據(jù)上下文猜測熟悉詞語的新含義
實(shí)義詞詞意猜測
代詞指代理解
單句理解
弄清句子的類型和結(jié)構(gòu)
簡單句
并列句
復(fù)合句
抓住句中的難點(diǎn)
不要望文生義
段落理解
有主題句的段落
處于段首
處于段尾
處于段中
前后呼應(yīng)
暗含其中
無主題句的段落
閱讀理解的考查方向
綜合分析理解題型
標(biāo)題選擇
中心主旨概括
判斷推斷題
直接推斷題
含蓄推斷題
推斷作者的態(tài)度和識別語氣
推斷文章的內(nèi)涵和寫作目的
推斷文章的來源
推斷上下文的主題
�、� 從文章結(jié)構(gòu)中找線索
② 從文章頭尾中找線索
數(shù)字計(jì)算
圖形辨析
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Dependi
ng on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to asgroupsor managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.?
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
If you are part of thesgroupswhich you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.?
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.?
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.??
1. To make your humor work, you should?
�。跘］take advantage of different kinds of audience.
［B］make fun of the disorganized people.
�。跜］address different problems to different people.
�。跠］show sympathy for your listeners.
2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are?
［A］impolite to new arrivals.
�。跙］very conscious of their godlike role.
�。跜］entitled to some privileges.
［D］very busy even during lunch hours.
3. It can be inferred from the text that public services?
�。跘］have benefited many people.
［B］are the focus of public attention.
�。跜］are an inappropriate subject for humor.
�。跠］have often been the laughing stock.
4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered?
�。跘］in well-worded language.
［B］as awkwardly as possible.
�。跜］in exaggerated statement.
�。跠］as casually as possible.
5. The best title for the text may be?
［A］Use Humor Effectively.
�。跙］Various Kinds of Humor.
�。跜］Add Humor to Speech.
［D］Different Humor Strategies.
第一部分 文章背景
[內(nèi)容分類]人文科學(xué)--說明文
作為2002年第一篇文章，本文難度不大，是一種指南性的說明文，觀點(diǎn)明確，論述清晰，旨在教會讀者如何使用幽默。
第二部分 語言點(diǎn)詳解
1. identify認(rèn)出；識別
[大綱詞匯] identify v.認(rèn)出；識別
[衍生詞匯] identification n認(rèn)明；識別;身份證明，簡寫為ID
[經(jīng)典例句] A reasonable man can identify the best method of solving the problem.
2. sympathy同情
[大綱詞匯] n同情；體諒;
[衍生詞匯]詞綴sym-表示"同，相同的"
sympathetic adj同情的；表示同情的；感到同情的
antipathy n.憎惡,反感
[經(jīng)典例句] Thomas Hardy shows his great sympathy towards his characters.
3. alternatively做為選擇,或者
[大綱詞匯] alternative adj & n隨便一個(gè)的；二者擇一;選擇
[用法解析] alternatively可以用在寫作中，用來引導(dǎo)另外一個(gè)平行的觀點(diǎn)或意見。
4. St. Peter圣彼得
[用法解析] St.是Saint的縮寫，是人們對耶酥基督的門徒的尊稱。
5. accommodation住處，住所
6. [大綱詞匯] accommodation n.住處，住所
[衍生詞匯] accommodate vt.供應(yīng),供給,使適應(yīng),調(diào)節(jié)
[經(jīng)典例句] The university doesn't provide accommodation for the first year students.
7. inedible不可食用的
[大綱詞匯] edible adj適合食用的;可食用的
[經(jīng)典例句] Although those mushrooms look very appetizing, they are really inedible.
8. canteen食堂，員工餐廳
[大綱詞匯] canteen n.食堂，餐廳
[記憶方法]這個(gè)詞很好記，它的發(fā)音與漢語的餐廳差不多。
9. appropriate正確的；適當(dāng)?shù)?br />
[大綱詞匯] appropriate adj正確的；合適的；適當(dāng)?shù)?br />
[經(jīng)典例句] To attend the dinner party, you should choose the appropriate dressing.
10. notorious,聲名狼藉的；臭名昭彰的
[大綱詞匯] adj臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的,臭名昭彰的
[聯(lián)想記憶] notorious一詞是個(gè)不折不扣的貶義詞，和它意思相近，表示"名氣很大的"英文詞很多，比如：famous, well-known, renowned, celebrated都是褒義，而貶義的只有infamous一詞。
11. resent憤恨,怨恨
[大綱詞匯] resent v.憤恨,怨恨,憤慨
[經(jīng)典例句] The Chairman resents all the unfair comments imposed on him.
12. disparaging蔑視的,輕視的
[大綱詞匯] disparaging adj.蔑視的,毀謗的,輕視的
[經(jīng)典例句] Please don't make any disparaging remarks.
13. scapegoat n替罪羊，代人受過者
[聯(lián)想記憶]記住goat這個(gè)詞。在英文中與"羊"有關(guān)的還有black sheep,表示敗類，害群之馬
14. off-the-cuff未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備的；即席的；隨意的
[經(jīng)典例句] Insgroupsto show your humor, you must make some off-the-cuff humorous remarks.
15. exaggeration夸張；夸大
[大綱詞匯] exaggerate vt, vi夸張；夸大
[經(jīng)典例句] The managers exaggerate the difficulties of the situation to get additional financial support from the borad.
16. understatement (一種修辭方法)故意的輕描淡寫
第三部分 難句解析
1. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]：該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜單句，句子的主語是your humor，后面有兩個(gè)平行的謂語must be和should help它們后面分別有其賓語。其中should help后面的賓語是不定式to show，而它的賓語比較復(fù)雜，是兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句：that you are one of them和that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view，中間用or連接
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]：本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡明，只需注意show them后面是兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句就可以了。后面的賓語從句中有個(gè)很有用的詞組in sympathy with，表示同情，同意，贊同。
[參考譯文]：你的幽默必須和聽眾相關(guān)，而且能夠幫你顯示你是他們中的一分子，或者你了解他們所處的情形且同意他們的觀點(diǎn)。
2. If you are part of thesgroupswhich you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]：if引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)條件從句，而后面的主句是兩個(gè)子句構(gòu)成的并列句。在第一個(gè)字句you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you中又有一個(gè)定語從句which are common to all of you來修飾the experiences and problems，而后面的子句的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)it is adj for sb to do sth的結(jié)構(gòu)。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]：要看懂本句，重點(diǎn)在于要把后面的兩個(gè)子句斷開，并分別理解。
[參考譯文]：如果你是你講話對象中的一員，那么你就身處一種(有利)位置來了解對你們來說都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問題，而且你對餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領(lǐng)帶品位進(jìn)行隨意評判也是合適的。
3. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]：該句是一個(gè)祈使句。謂語是include，賓語是remarks，后面有一個(gè)定語從句修飾它
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]：注意該句的特性。另外注意off-the-cuff的意思
[參考譯文]：你應(yīng)該(在講話中)還包括幾個(gè)隨意的和似乎是脫口而出的評論，這些評論應(yīng)該以一種放松自然的方式表達(dá)出來。
4. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]：整句可以看成是由so連接的并列句，前后有一定的因果關(guān)系。前面的子句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，而后面又是一個(gè)祈使句，其謂語動(dòng)詞是speak和remember。而remember后面又是一個(gè)很長的賓語從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]：要理解前后的因果關(guān)系。
[參考譯文]：經(jīng)常是表達(dá)方式會使聽眾發(fā)笑，因此要講得慢一點(diǎn)，而且記住抬抬眉毛或作出一個(gè)不相信的表情都能幫你顯示你是在講笑話。
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