高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧之一

　　主謂一致�？茧y題：

　　Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．

　　Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．

　　More than one student has seen the film.

　　Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

　　More members than one are against your plan.

　　一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。

　　但如果主語(yǔ)用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．

　　并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。例如:

　　Truth and honesty is the best policy．

　　The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor．

　　To love and to be loved is the great happiness.

　　Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

　　A knife and fork is on the table.

　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:

　　The teacher as well as the students was excited．

　　The room with its furniture was rented．

　　A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:

　　Those who want to go please sign your names here．

　　Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．

　　季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱，球類、棋類名詞名稱前一般不加冠詞。

　　1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter

　　形容詞的順序：

　　系動(dòng)詞be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)藉+材料

　　Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table

　　某些以a-開(kāi)首的形容詞例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。

　　某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。

　　1)close接近地 closely仔細(xì)地，密切地

　　2)free 免費(fèi)地 freely自由地,無(wú)拘束地

　　3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不

　　4)late 晚，遲 lately 近來(lái)

　　5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地

　　6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地

　　7)high高 highly高度地，非常地

　　8)deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的“深”

　　9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)

　　10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎

　　bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least

　　表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“less＋原級(jí)＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．

　　表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修飾：He works even harder than before．

　　注意:by far 通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí),一般放在比較級(jí)的后面, 如放在前面,應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。

　　He is taller by far than his brother.

　　He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

　　某些以-or結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。

　　He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．

　　在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。例如：

　　The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．

　　A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．

　　表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型:

　　A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.

　　The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.

　　這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］

　　A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.

　　Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

　　A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.

　　例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.

　　你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。

　　表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double。

　　表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也不能用比較級(jí)。

　　如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many、few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much、little等表示量的形容詞時(shí)，該用so而不用such。如：

　　I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.

　　Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.

　　但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時(shí),仍用such。如:

　　They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.

　　6)almost與nearly

　　在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：

　　I’m not nearly ready.

　　在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：

　　I almost never see her.

　　need 表示“需要”或“必須”,作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：

　　You needn’t come so early.

　　Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.

　　注意：needn’t have done“表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。例如：You needn’t have waited for me.

 

本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/6154.html

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