一、重點(diǎn)單詞與短語
1. persuade vt.說服；勸服；使相信
（1）persuade sb.說服某人
Advertisers try to persuade consumers to buy their goods.
（2）persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth.說服某人做某事
We have persuade him to give up smoking.
（3）persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of /against doing sb.說服/勸服某人別做某事
His mother persuaded him not to give up the chance to take part in the competition.
（4）persuade sb. of sth./ that+ clause 設(shè)法使某人相信
He failed to persuade the workers of his honesty = to persuade the workers that he was honest.
注意：
persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)說服、勸服的結(jié)果；而只表勸說動(dòng)作不表結(jié)果時(shí)需用try to persuade 或換成advise。
考點(diǎn)例題：persuade/ advise
1）I tried to ________________ my father to give up smoking, but in vain.
2）I __________________ my father to give up smoking, but in vain.
3）He wanted to _______________ his wife to see his cousin, but failed.
4）He _____________________ that they should start at once.
5）Finally she _________________ him into going to the hospital.
1. insist v.
（1）堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)決主張
Insist on / upon doing sth.或insist that-clause,從句動(dòng)詞用(should) do
The government insists that waste water (should) be made clean before going into the river.
She insisted on our staying there for supper.
（2）堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)持說
Insist on / upon doing sth.或insist that-clause,從句動(dòng)詞用陳述句語序和相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)
He insisted on his innocence. (無罪)
The farmer insisted that the neighbor had stolen his sheep.
2. determine v.決定；確定；下決心
+ n.
+ to do sth.
determine + clause
+ on/upon sht./doing sth.
+疑問句+to do sth.
You had better determine a date for the meeting as soon as possible.
It is unnecessary to determine what each word means while you are reading a passage.
I haven’t determined where to spend the seven-day holiday.
拓展：
determination n.決心；決定
determined adj.決然的；果斷的
be determined to do下決心干……=make up one’s mind to do
give sb. a determined look堅(jiān)定地看某人
a determined man意志堅(jiān)定的人
3. familiar adj.熟悉的……；通曉……
The lady looked somewhat familiar, but I could not remember where I had seen her.
拓展：
be familiar with…熟悉……；通曉……
be familiar to…對……熟悉的
考點(diǎn)例題：The song is familiar __________me. = I am familiar ___________ the song.
1. rise(rose, risen)
（1）vi.上升，起立（床），增長
The amount of money spent in dealing with the problem of pollution keeps rising year by year.
（2）n. 上升,上漲，升起
arise in price漲價(jià)
give sb. a rise給某人提工資
a rise in the cost of living生活費(fèi)用的增加
at the rise of the sun日出之時(shí)
拓展：
raise vt.舉起，提出，提高，飼養(yǎng)
The price of rice has been raised lately.
= The price of rice has risen lately.
raise chickens養(yǎng)雞
rise one’s voice提高嗓音
raise one’s hands舉起手
考點(diǎn)例題：The living standard of the people in Nanjing ____________ since 1983.
A. has raisen B. had been risen C. has risen D. rose
解：選C. rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而raise有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2. injure v.受傷，傷害
They were slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash.
Smoking will surely injure one’s health.
拓展：
injured adj.受傷的
injury n.傷口，受傷處
hurt(身體部位)感到疼；（肉體或精神上）受到傷害
wound受傷（槍傷/刀傷）等
harm意指無形傷害，“對……有害”常指傷及一個(gè)人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等
damage主要用于無生命的東西，常指對價(jià)值和功能的損壞，可修復(fù)
destroy意為“毀壞，消滅”，指不可修復(fù)的破壞。
Reading in the sun harms your eyes.
It hurts me to think that so many people died in the flood.
In the battle, hundreds of soldiers were wounded and some were even killed.
考點(diǎn)例題：Although the city had been attacked by the storm several times, _____________was done.
A. a few damages B. few destroy C. little hurt D. little damage
二、重點(diǎn)短語
1. care with關(guān)心，擔(dān)憂，惦記
What she cares about is her own future.
I don’t care about what he is talking about.
拓展：
care for喜歡；照顧；關(guān)心
He had to care for his sister while studying in college.
I care much for pop music.
2. change one’s mind改變主意
It is easy for 高中地理 him to change his mind, so don’t believe him easily.
拓展：
make up one’s mind下決心
keep one’s mind on專心于
read one’s mind看出某人的心思
bear/keep sth. in mind記住某事
speak one’s mind 坦率說出心里話
翻譯：
更深入地了解他之后，我改變了對他的看法。
________________________________________________________________________
3. give in (to)(向……)屈服，讓步
I will never give in to difficulties.
拓展：
give away泄露；送掉；贈(zèng)送
give back歸還
give up放棄（后接sth./doing sth.）
give off發(fā)出（蒸汽、光等）
give out分發(fā)；筋疲力盡
give way to讓位于；妥協(xié)
We can’t give way to their demands.
He had no choice but to give up going abroad for further education.
4. for one thing…, for another一方面……另一方面……；一則……再則……
I am not going to Beijing for a holiday with them. For one thing, I have no time; for another, I have been there.
拓展：
On (the) one hand, on the other (hand)用以引出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)和意見
On the one hand, the concert really is worth going to, but on the other hand, the ticket is too expensive.
5. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計(jì)的
Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
拓展：
hundreds of數(shù)百的
hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of數(shù)千的
millions of數(shù)百萬的
dozens of許多；大量
scores of 許多；大量
考點(diǎn)例題；
Every year ____________ foreign visitors come to China.
A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of
C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands
There were ____________ people in the hall.
A. two scores of B. scores of
C. two and score D. two scores
6. be known/well known as = be famous as作為……而出名
Shenzhen is well-known as a modern city.
拓展：
be known for因?yàn)椤劽?/p>
be known to sb.為……所熟悉
It is known (to all) that…眾所周知……
As is known (to all), …眾所周知……
It is well-known to us all it is very important to keep the balance of nature.
=As is well-known to us all, it is important to keep the balance of nature.
7. break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疫病等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)
A fire broke out in the supermarket last night.
拓展：
break down出毛病，不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
break away from脫離，擺脫……
break in插話，破門進(jìn)入
break into破門闖入
break off突然終止
break through突圍，突破
考點(diǎn)例題：
The fire was put out 15 minutes after it _________________.
8. lose hope絕望
He never loses hope even when he fails.
拓展：
lose heart泄氣；灰心
lose courage沮喪
lose face丟臉；受屈辱
lose touch (with sb.)與某人失去聯(lián)系
lose one’s way迷路
lose one’s breath上氣不接下氣
lose one’s head昏了頭
lose one’s life喪生，遇害
考點(diǎn)例題：
Never ____________ even after you have failed several times.
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.是我姐姐首先想到騎自行車沿湄公河從它的源頭騎到終點(diǎn)的
It was …who…引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。兩個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的從句均作介詞賓語從句。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其余部分
It was they that put forward the problem at the meeting.
It was not until you told me that I realized that she hadn’t turned up yet.
What is it that is happening there?
考點(diǎn)例題：
Is it in the town ____________ he worked last year ____________ he will set up a company.
It wasn’t ____________ he came __________ I knew that basketball match would be delayed.
I am sure that it is at 10:00____________ the plane for Dalian takes off.
2. While dairy writers try to record how they feel very soon after things happen, journal writers try to better understand what has happened to them much later.
雖然日記作者試圖在事情發(fā)生后不久就記錄他們的感受，但是日記作者要在很久后才能努力嘗試更好地理解發(fā)生在他們身上的事。
while引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，how和what引導(dǎo)的均為賓語從句。
while作連詞用法小結(jié)：
（1）=though/although盡管，雖然
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
（2）與……同時(shí)
He listened to music while doing his homework.
（3）在……期間，當(dāng)……時(shí)候
He fell off the bike while he was practicing riding.
（4）（表對比）而，卻
He was against the plan while the majority was/were in favor of it.
考點(diǎn)例題：
She has golden hair when she was a child but __________ she got older and older, her hair went darker and darker.
A. while B. when C. after D. as
【模擬試題】
一、用框內(nèi)所給詞組的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子（其中兩個(gè)是多余的）
be familiar to; change ones’ mind; give in; at an end; dig out; prepare…to…; right away; give out; persuade ..to…; a number of; no wonder; dream of
1. The student helped the teacher ____________ English papers.
2. It is always the husband who ____________ first when a quarrel breaks out between the young people.
3. In my opinion, Kurt will think it over and ____________ .
4. I must warn you that my patience is almost ____________ .
5. ____________ letters are never delivered because the addresses are incorrect.
6. The song he sang at the party ____________ all of us.
7. I must remember to ____________ that book for you.
8. John was __________ himself ___________ sit for the examination.
9. When I answered the telephone this morning, I knew ____________ the lady had the wrong number.
10. Have you ever ____________ there being such a good chance for further study abroad?
二、用括號內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。
1. I left him, ______________(determine) never to set foot in that house again.
2. She _____________(insist) that he must go out no more until he was cured.
3. They have to _____________(persuade) to buy a stock, or indeed , sell it.
4. The firemen succeeded in _____________ (rescue) three women from the burning house.
5. American airplanes helped ____________ (transport) the soldiers to the front.
三、根據(jù)所給提示翻譯下列句子。
1. 更深入地了解他以后,我改變了對他的看法。
2. 這次廣播是事先錄音的，不是現(xiàn)場直播
3. 他救出了一個(gè)快要淹死的人。
4. 那次墜機(jī)事件是今年最嚴(yán)重的空難。
5. 我必須努力把生活安排得更有條理。
6. 今天晚上我要跟Peter會面。他要帶我去看戲。
【試題答案】
一、1. give out 2. gives in 3. change his mind 4. at an end
5. A number of \ 6. was familiar to 7. dig out 8. preparing to
9. right away 10.dreamed of
二、1. determined 2. insisted 3. be persuaded 4. rescuing
5. (to)transport
三、1. Since getting to know him better, I’ve changed my mind about him.
2. The broadcast was recorded in advance, not live.
3. He rescued the man from drowning.
4. The airplane crash was the worst air disaster this year.
5. I must try to organize my life a bit better.
6. I’m meeting Peter tonight. He is taking me to the theater.
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