1. 找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
有時(shí)題干中帶有對(duì)解題起著關(guān)鍵作用的詞語(yǔ),如果能迅速找準(zhǔn)這些詞語(yǔ),再結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的意義和特點(diǎn),就能很快選出正確答案。例如:
the foreign minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
a. this is b. there is c. that is d. it is
解析:在名詞性從句中,that既無(wú)詞義,也不作句子成分,連接一個(gè)句子成分完整的陳述句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu),特別是that的暗示,可判斷題干為一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,句首的it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為其后的that從句,故最佳答案為d。
2. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
有些試題的考點(diǎn)本來(lái)十分簡(jiǎn)單,但命題者卻通過使用定語(yǔ)從句,或者將我們熟悉的固定詞組有意拆分,重新組合,使我們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺,出現(xiàn)迷惑。這時(shí),我們只要保持清醒的頭腦,仔細(xì)分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu),就會(huì)撥開迷霧。例如:
we keep in touch _____ writing often.
a. with b. of c. on d. by
解析:許多同學(xué)根據(jù) keep in touch with (與……保持聯(lián)系)這一搭配推斷出此題應(yīng)選a。但是選a錯(cuò)了,因?yàn)樘状舜钆浯司湟馑疾煌ǎ_答案應(yīng)是d,by 表示方式,by writing 意為“通過寫信”,全句意為“我們通過經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) we’ve talked a lot _____ cars. what about trains?
a. of b. with c. about d. in
解析:由于受 a lot of 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,許多同學(xué)毫不猶豫地選了a,但是錯(cuò)了。原因是:若選 of,a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語(yǔ),但事實(shí)上,動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞。正確答案是c,句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語(yǔ),talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 全句意為“我們對(duì)汽車已談了不少,現(xiàn)在談?wù)劵疖囋趺礃?”
(2) we all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
a. as b. with c. of d. by
解析:許多同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as,馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard … as …(把……看作……)這一搭配,從而斷定此題應(yīng)選a。錯(cuò)了,原因是將此搭配套入原句,句子意思不通。正確答案是b,句意為“我們大家都很同情這位老人”。
3. 適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換句式
有時(shí)將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易選出正確答案。比如將疑問句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句,無(wú)序句調(diào)整為正常句。例如:
—mr. wang, whom would you rather _____ the important meeting?
—tom.
a. have attend b. have attended
c. having attend d. have to attend
解析: 若將疑問句改為陳述句,就是i would rather have tom attend the important meeting. 其中would rather后必須接動(dòng)詞原形,have sb. do sth.是“要某人做某事”。所以選a。
4. 補(bǔ)全省略成分
口語(yǔ)中常常會(huì)使用一些省略句,做題時(shí)若將被省略的成分補(bǔ)充完整,答案就會(huì)一目了然。例如:
—what do you think made mary so upset?
— _____ her new bike.
a. as she lost b. lost c. losing d. because of losing
解析:將答句補(bǔ)全,就是 _____ her new bike made mary so upset,顯然,只能選c,用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。
5. 刪除干擾部分
就是將起干擾作用的定語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ),如i think / suppose / believe, do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等刪除,從而更容易地選出正確答案。例如:
it is the ability to do the job _______matters not where you come from or what you are.
a. one b. that c. what d. it
解析:去掉題干中的not where you come from or what you are,題干即為是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句:the ability to do the job matters. 把主語(yǔ)the ability 放在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,即變?yōu)轭}干,顯然最佳答案為b。
6. 利用對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)
就是在做題過程中要善于利用and,but等并列連詞。若前面是個(gè)句子,后面也必定是個(gè)句子,反之亦然;若連接的是幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞,這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞也必定是同一時(shí)態(tài)或同一形式。例如:
—english has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
a. know b. knowing c. to know d. known
解析:因?yàn)榈诙䝼(gè)and后面是一個(gè)句子,所以前面也必定是一個(gè)句子,但前面這個(gè)句子沒有主語(yǔ),只能選用動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成一個(gè)祈使句,因此,正確答案是a。又如:
on saturday afternoon, mrs. green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
a. bought b. buying c. to buy d. buy
解析:因?yàn)閍nd后面是過去式visited,前面也必定是動(dòng)詞的過去式,所以正確答案是a。
7. 注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
標(biāo)點(diǎn)有時(shí)對(duì)我們做題有提示作用,不同的標(biāo)點(diǎn)可能導(dǎo)致選不同的答案,同學(xué)們做題時(shí),一定要小心。例如:
there are eight tips in dr. roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_____to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
a. doesn’t go b. not to go c. not going d. don’t go
解析:此題很容易選b,認(rèn)為是用不定式作表語(yǔ)。其實(shí),冒號(hào)已經(jīng)表明后面是dr. roger講的原話,這原話應(yīng)當(dāng)是個(gè)句子,只有選d才構(gòu)成一個(gè)否定形式的祈使句。
8. 熟記固定搭配
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累一些常見的固定句式、動(dòng)詞與副詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配等等,對(duì)做題十分有利。例如:
mr. smith used to smoke _______ but he has given 高中語(yǔ)文 it up.
a. seriously b. heavily c. badly d. hardly
解析:因?yàn)橹笩煱a或酒癮很重,要用heavy或heavily,所以要選b。此外,雨雪下得“大”、煙霧“濃”、交通“擁擠”、波濤“洶涌”等,也用heavy。
10. 檢查有無(wú)謂語(yǔ)
有時(shí)看似有兩個(gè)句子,于是就選連詞,正好掉進(jìn)命題人設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。事實(shí)上,有時(shí)貌似句子的“句子”卻沒有謂語(yǔ),其中的動(dòng)詞只是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(多為分詞)。例如:
he wrote five novels, two of _____ translated into english.
a. it b. them c. which d. that
解析:此題很容易誤選答案c,以為后面是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。事實(shí)上,translated是過去分詞,而不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,后面不是句子,無(wú)需連詞,所以正確答案是b。若在translated前加上were,were translated就是謂語(yǔ),這時(shí)就選連詞which了。
11. 查看有無(wú)連詞
若經(jīng)查實(shí),前后的確是兩個(gè)句子,就要看其中的一個(gè)分句是否已經(jīng)用了連詞。若已經(jīng)有連詞,一般不再用連詞;若還沒有用連詞,就一定要選連詞。例如:
if an excellent chinese novel is translated into english, _____ means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
a. as b. which c. what d. that
解析:因?yàn)榍熬湟呀?jīng)有連詞if,所以選答案d,that指前句所述內(nèi)容。若沒有if,就選b,which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
12. 識(shí)別相似句型
有的句型十分相似,若不仔細(xì)分辨,明察秋毫,很容易出錯(cuò)。例如:
_____ is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
a. it b. as c. that d. what
解析:此題選b,as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是后面整個(gè)句子。若將逗號(hào)改為that,就選a,it是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句;若接著又在that前加上一個(gè)is,則應(yīng)選d,what引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句,that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。
13. 正確把握語(yǔ)境
有時(shí)孤立地看留空格的那個(gè)句子,好像多個(gè)答案都可以,但與上下句的意思聯(lián)系起來(lái),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。因此,做題時(shí)一定要正確把握語(yǔ)境。例如:
i agree with most of what you said, but i don’t agree with _____.
a. everything b. anything c. something d. nothing
解析:此題很容易誤選b,因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)否定句。若選b,i don’t agree with anything.就等于i agree with nothing (of what you said),這就與前一分句的意思發(fā)生矛盾了。正確答案應(yīng)該是a。
14. 分析邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)復(fù)合句和并列句的知識(shí),句子與句子之間有著不同的邏輯關(guān)系,或是從屬關(guān)系,或是并列關(guān)系。從句子的意義和邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看,從句可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、目的、比較、方式等,句子之間還可以是限定關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系的主要依據(jù)是句意和上下文之間的邏輯。如:
i don’t mind drop in at your house when in town._____, the walk will do me good.
a. sooner or later b. still c. in time d. besides
解析:根據(jù)句意,第二個(gè)分句表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,用besides。故最佳答案為 d。
15. 排除錯(cuò)誤答案
在比較幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí),可以先排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),盡而逐漸排除其他錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng),找到最佳答案。
before the operation, the doctor had to talk to the patient in order to remove her fear ______ she might die during the operation.
a. when b. that c. which d. so that
解析:從兩個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系判斷,沒有因果關(guān)系,可先排除so that;由于第 2 個(gè)分句 中不缺少句子成分,又排除了定語(yǔ)從句即選項(xiàng)a和c,只有b為最佳答案。fear 之后的that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)fear的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。
本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://yy-art.cn/gaozhong/82783.html
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